economic_impact_of_the_erie_canalway_trail_exec_sum
The Economic Impact of the Erie Canalway Trail
AN ASSESSMENT AND USER PROFILE OF NEW YORK’S LONGEST MULTI-USE TRAIL
Executive Summary
Prepared for:
Quantitative and qualitative research conducted for
Parks & Trails New York
by
Paul A. Scipione, Ph.D.
Professor Emeritus and Director Survey/Research Center
Jones School of Business
State University of New York at Geneseo
This study was supported in part by funding from
New York State Canal Corporation
Erie Canalway National Heritage Corridor
The full report can be downloaded at Parks & Trails New York’s website
www.ptny.org
July, 2014
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The Economic Impact of the Erie Canalway Trail
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
When constructed in 1825 between
Buffalo and Albany, the Erie Canal cost
less than $7 million and created
thousands of jobs. Nearly two centuries
later, the canal still plays a significant
role in the economy and way of life of
Upstate New York. Not only does it
serve as a commercial and recreational
waterway but much of the towpath of
the legendary canal has been
transformed into the 360-mile Erie
Canalway Trail (ECT).
Presently, the ECT is more than 75%
complete; 277 miles are open as an off-
road multi-use trail. Most of the trail is
10 feet wide with a stone dust surface,
but some sections are paved,
especially near urban centers. The ECT offers New Yorkers a myriad of outdoor recreational
opportunities and health, economic, and quality of life benefits. In addition to providing a venue for a wide
variety of recreational activities—walking, jogging, bicycling, bird watching, pet walking, cross-country
skiing and, in some locations, snowmobiling and rollerblading—the ECT offers picnic areas and
opportunities to eat, stay, shop, and visit attractions in the historic towns and villages along its length.
Parks & Trails New York (PTNY), the state’s leading not-for-profit park and trail advocacy organization,
has worked with the New York State Canal Corporation and the Erie Canalway National Heritage Corridor
for more than 15 years to develop and promote the Canalway Trail System. In conjunction with its efforts,
PTNY gathered anecdotal evidence from business owners, tourism promotion agencies, elected officials,
and trail users to suggest that the ECT provides trail communities with significant economic benefits.
However, without a comprehensive study, only limited estimates of ECT visitation and economic impact
existed.
Therefore, PTNY commissioned this study to provide reliable estimates of the numbers of persons who
use the ECT; measurements of the total economic impact of the ECT on the economy of NYS; information
on spending, usage patterns, and demographics of trail users; and a template for measuring the impacts
of future use. Business owners and tourism officials were also surveyed to provide an added dimension
to the assessment of economic impacts.
Study results were based on trail counts obtained using observational and electronic techniques. Data
was also acquired from intercept surveys of trail users, conducted at multiple locations along the trail
between June and September 2012. The counts were used to extrapolate an estimate of total annual trail
traffic volume. Trail user surveys provided data to create user spending profiles. By employing these two
data points (annual trail traffic volume and spending profiles), the Money Generation Model 2 (MGM2)
was used to project the annual economic impact of trail users in terms of sales, employment, and tax
revenues.
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The Economic Impact of the Erie Canalway Trail
Economic Impact
Overall (including direct and secondary effects), ECT visitor spending generates approximately
$253 million in sales, 3,440 jobs, $78 million in labor income, and $28.5 million in taxes in the
Upstate economy each year.
The most conservative estimate of new money would be only the spending associated with the 2.5% of
estimated annual trail visits made by persons residing outside the 35 counties surrounding the ECT. This
represents approximately $55.8 million in new sales effects, the creation of approximately 731 jobs, and
$16.7 million in labor income within the local economy.
Visits
The ECT is estimated to have an annual trail traffic volume of almost 1.6 million visits per year.
Not surprisingly, the segments of trail closest to the large urban population centers of Buffalo, Rochester
and Albany were estimated to have the highest number of visits – more than 200,000 per year.
Spending
Average per person per visit spending depends on where ECT visitors live and whether they stay
overnight. Locals (defined in the study as those residing in the 35 counties surrounding the ECT) who do
not include an overnight stay in their visit spend on average $26.37 per person per visit. Restaurant and
bar expenses account for almost half of that spending. If these persons choose to engage in a visit to a
segment of the trail distant from their homes and include at least one overnight stay in their visit, the
average spending increases to $531.47 per person per visit, which represents 39% for lodging or
camping fees and 30% for bars and restaurants.
The average per person per visit
spending for nonlocals (defined in the
study as those who reside outside the
35 counties surrounding the ECT) who
include one or more overnight stays in
their visit, is more than double that of
those living in the 35 counties
surrounding the ECT who stay overnight
as part of their visit, $1,128.39. Almost
half (47%) of that spending is for lodging
or camping fees and 26% for bars and
restaurants.
The data confirms that overnight stays
have a major impact on ECT visitor
spending. While overnight visitors to the
trail constitute only 18.25% of the total
volume of visits, they generate 84% of
overall spending. Even more dramatic is
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The Economic Impact of the Erie Canalway Trail
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The Economic Impact of the Erie Canalway Trail
the finding that the 2.5% of trail visitors
who live outside the 35 counties
surrounding the ECT represent 21% of
overall spending.
Trail Users
To learn more about trail user
demographics, lifestyle preferences,
nature of ECT use, and trail-related
spending habits, survey responses
were obtained from 562 adults that
included trail users intercepted on the
trail and those who had purchased
PTNY’s cycling guidebook and had
used the trail within the last year.
Typical Users of the ECT
Typical users of the ECT are employed members of Generation X (ages 30-49) who are slightly more
likely to be male than female and who live within five miles of the trail. They have at least a college degree
and a household income equal to or slightly above the state’s 2012 median household income of $57,683.
Typical trail users drive to the trailhead to bicycle for health and fitness for less than an hour at least once
a week, on weekdays and weekends, in the summer, spring and/or fall, along with one to three other
persons. They spend on average $26.37 per person per visit.
Typical trail users are interested in the history of the canal and credit the trail for having a positive effect
on their well-being. While they have not taken an overnight trip of more than 50 miles on the trail or
participated in an organized ECT ride, they may be interested in doing so. If they did plan to stay overnight
as part of a visit to the trail, they would prefer to stay in a hotel or motel.
Typical ECT Vacationers
Only 22% of those surveyed on the ECT indicated they were vacationing. Yet, because most of these
vacationers stay overnight, they have a major economic impact. Typical trail vacationers are affluent,
highly educated, employed Baby Boomers who live outside the ECT region and visit the trail to bicycle
with one to three others for more than two hours. Almost 70% are male. The trail and the opportunity to
bicycle and view the scenery attract them to the area.
Typical ECT vacationers spend on average $939 per person per visit and stay at least three nights in a
hotel or motel. ECT vacationers are interested in the history of the canal and participating in multi -day
organized bicycling trips along the trail. They first learned about the ECT from conversations with others.
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The Economic Impact of the Erie Canalway Trail
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The Economic Impact of the Erie Canalway Trail
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The Economic Impact of the Erie Canalway Trail
Interest in Biking Along a 50+ mile Section of ECT or an
Organized Multi-day ECT Cycling Trip
The survey illustrated the potential for developing more multi-day or themed itineraries and organized
multi-day ECT cycling trips. More than two-thirds of survey respondents reported they were very (41%)
or somewhat (28%) interested in biking along a 50+-mile section of the ECT.
Nearly half of survey respondents (42%) said they had not been on an organized cycling trip on the ECT,
but were interested in taking one. Among the 20% surveyed who had participated in such a trip, nearly
all (19%) said they hoped to take another trip in the future. More than half (59%) of those who said they
would be interested in an organized cycling trip on the ECT have a household income less than $75,000
per year, half are of Generation X and almost half are under 40 years of age. As 89% of these persons
are residents of the ECT and surrounding counties, it signals an important, but mostly untapped, local
market.
Impact on ECT-area Businesses
When businesses located no more than one mile from the trail were asked to assess their current and
future plans and experiences, more than half (51%) said the trail had a moderate (30%) to big impact
(21%). A majority of businesses felt that efforts to promote the ECT, undertaken by several state
agencies, Chambers of Commerce and local tourism offices, local business owners, and PTNY, were
effective (6% very and 53% somewhat effective).
Business owners’ responses also indicated a need for additional communication and ECT promotion as
42% said that they knew "a few things" about the trail before the interview, compared to 29% who said
they knew a lot. In terms of commitment to ECT promotion, 85% said they were very or somewhat
interested in working closer with state, local and county agencies and Chambers of Commerce to promote
the ECT.
Conclusion
By supporting more than 3,400 jobs and
generating $253 million in sales, the
ECT is clearly an important resource for
the local and regional economies of
Upstate New York and should continue
to be promoted and enhanced.
As 97% of the visits to the ECT are
undertaken by persons living within the
35 counties surrounding the ECT, the
study confirms the trail is also a valued
resource and an important contributor to
quality of life in the more than 200
communities along its length. The small
number of visitors from outside the
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The Economic Impact of the Erie Canalway Trail
region illustrates a major opportunity to
market the ECT as a premier bicycling
destination to a national and
international audience. Other long-
distance trails with considerably less
name recognition, such as the Katy
Trail in Missouri and Great Allegheny
Passage in Pennsylvania, attract a
greater percentage of nonlocal visitors
than the ECT. The study presents
information on trail user demographics,
preferences, and nature of trail use
which can serve to inform these
marketing efforts.
Overnight visitors to the ECT spend
more than 20 times that of day visitors,
so increasing the number of this type of visitor could generate significant economic benefits for ECT
communities. Suggested or themed itineraries, package trips planned by a group of lodging
establishments, fully supported rides, additional marketing targeted directly to cycling tourists, and a
“cyclists welcome” program may increase the number of persons who include an overnight stay in their
trail visit. As ECT users interviewed for the study said they are attracted by the beauty of the landscape,
history of the canal, and the proximity of numerous related historic communities and sites, these aspects
of the ECT should receive special emphasis in marketing efforts.
It is hoped that the results of this study will not only inform marketing messages and confirm the ECT as
an important contributor to New York’s economy but also instill government, business and tourism
officials with the confidence to invest in additional ECT marketing, promotion, economic development,
and trail enhancement efforts.
Acknowledgements
This 2012 study was designed and conducted and data was analyzed by the
following Research Team. Trail Count Observers were undergraduate students
of Dr. Scipione at the State University of New York at Geneseo.
Paul A. Scipione, Ph.D. Study Director and Principal Report Author
Landon Hurley Associate Director and Field Director
Nicholas Palumbo Coding Director
Jack Samuels, Ed.D. Study Consultant
Leigh C. Scipione Proofreader & Stat Checker
Trail Count Observers: Christopher Bond, Meara Bowe, Chelsea Butkowski,
Kyleigh Carpenter, Tyler Chauncy, Jessica DaSilva, Lindsay Gall, Tanner Guild,
Thomas Infantino, Samantha Legere, Shelby Leonard, Emily Lockard, Marianne
Macaluso, Aleah Marcaitis, Rebecca Masse, Molly McLoughlin, Haider Murtaza,
Hamza Murtaza, Joelle Orecki, Nicholas Palumbo, Elizabeth Reck, Caroline
Schwartz, Chris Scipione, Katherine Tuskes, Aaron Wagner, Rachel Walker,
Edward Watt and Anna Wilson.