Fifth Phase V Report (2) Project Number 0203
PHASE V INSPECTION AND MONITORING REPORT
Former Staab’s Service Station
RTN: 1-0705
September 2005
PENNEY ENGINEERING, INC
ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERS & SCIENTISTS
125 HIGH STREET
MANSFIELD, MA 02048
(508) 261-1288
PHASE V INSPECTION AND
MONITORING REPORT
September 2005
Former Staab’s Service Station
459, 480 & 492 Pleasant Street
Northampton, MA 01060
RTN: 1-0705
Prepared For:
PLEASANT JOURNEY USED CARS, INC
459 Pleasant Street
Northampton, MA 02703
(413) 774-6559
Prepared By:
PENNEY ENGINEERING, INC
125 High Street
Mansfield, MA 02048
(508) 261-1288
LSP Who Prepared This Phase V Inspection and Monitoring Report:
Signature: ______________________
Ralph P. Penney, PE, LSP
Title: President
License Number: 7755
Date: ___________________
PHASE V INSPECTION AND
MONITORING REPORT
Former Staab’s Service Station
459, 480, 492 Pleasant Street, Northampton, MA
RTN: 1-0705
TABLE OF CONTENTS
PAGE
LIST OF TABLES………………………………………………………………………………………iii
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS…………………………………………………….iv
1.0 INTRODUCTION 1
1.1 Description of Site 21
2.0 SITE HISTORY 22
2.1 History of Use at the Site 22
2.2 Current Use of the Site 23
3.0 NATURE AND EXTENT OF CONTAMINATION 23
Previous Assessment Activities 23
Additional Assessment Activities 25
Extent of Free-Phase Gasoline 27
Extent of Soil Contamination 27
Extent of Groundwater Contamination 27
SUMMARY OF SITE CONDITIONS THAT WARRANTED REMEDIAL ACTIONS 27
CONSTRUCTION OF SELECTED REMEDIAL ACTION ALTERNATIVE 28
5.1 As-Built Construction Report 31
Final Inspection Report 31
Phase IV Completion Statement 31
OPERATION, MAINTENANCE AND MONITORING OF THE TREATMENT
SYSTEMS 31
7.0 REMEDY OPERATION STATUS 71
8.0 PUBLIC INVOLVEMENT ACTIVITIES 71
TABLE OF CONTENTS (cont’d)
FIGURES
Locus Map
Figure One – Groundwater Flow on October 11, 2000
Figure Two – Groundwater Flow on April 25, 2002
Figure Three – BTEX Plume on April 25, 2002
Figure Four – C5-C8 Aliphatics Plume on April 25, 2002Table Two – Summary of Specific 1998 Groundwater Results
Table Three –Summary of Groundwater Results, April 25, 2002
Table Fourteen – Summary of Groundwater Measurements, March 18, 2004
Table Seventeen – Summary of Groundwater Measurements, June 16, 2004
Table Twenty – Summary of Groundwater Measurements, September 21, 2004
Table Twenty-Two – Summary of Groundwater Results, December 9, 2004
Table Twenty-Three - Summary of Groundwater Measurements, December 9, 2004
Table Twenty-Six – Summary of Groundwater Measurements, March 24, 2005
Table Twenty-Nine – Summary of Groundwater Measurements, June 13, 2005
Table Thirty – Historic Summary of Groundwater Results for Influent
Table Thirty-One – Historic Summary of Groundwater Results for MW-9
Table Thirty-Two – Historic Summary of Groundwater Results for MW-10
Groundwater Contour Plan for November 11, 2003
Chart One - Gasoline Recovered During Regeneration of Carbon, September 22, 2003 thru February 26, 2004
Chart Two – Gasoline Recovered During Regeneration of Carbon, March 11, 2004 thru August 31, 2004
Chart Three – Gasoline Recovered During Regeneration of Carbon, September 7, 2004 thru March 4, 2005
Chart Four – Gasoline Recovered During Regeneration of Carbon, April 6, 2005 thru August 22, 2005
Chart Five – Plot of Influent Results, June 25, 2003 thru June 13, 2005
Chart Six – Plot of MW-9 Results, June 25, 2003 thru June 13, 2005
Chart Seven – Plot of MW-10 Results, June 25, 2003 thru June 13, 2005
A full-size as-built, Remedial Action Site Plan is included in the rear pocket
TABLE OF CONTENTS (cont’d)
APPENDICES
Appendix A Comprehensive Response Action Transmittal Form (BWSC-108), April 19, 2005 Letter to MHD and May 10, 2005 Response Letter from MHD
Appendix B Monitoring Logs from February 5, 2005 through August 22, 2005
Appendix C Laboratory Analysis Report for the Groundwater Samples Collected on
March 24, 2005 and June 13, 2005
LIST OF TABLES
TABLE
NUMBER NAME LOCATION/
PAGE ONE History of Ownership 22 TWO Summary of Specific 1998 Groundwater Results Figures THREE Summary of Groundwater Results – April 25, 2002 Figures FOUR Removal Rates – June
25, 2003 32 FIVE Summary of Groundwater Results – June 25, 2003 33 SIX Removal Rates – September 22, 2003 35 SEVEN Summary of Groundwater Results – September 22, 2003 36 EIGHT Removal
Rates – December 18, 2003 40 NINE Summary of Groundwater Results – December 18, 2003 41 TEN Remedial Additive Monitoring – December 18, 2003 41 ELEVEN Removal Rates – March 18, 2004 43 TWELVE Summary
of Groundwater Results – March 18, 2004 44 THIRTEEN Biochemical Evaluation Results and Measurements – March 18, 2004 45 FOURTEEN Summary of Groundwater Measurements – March 18, 2004 Figures FIFTEEN Removal
Rates – June 16, 2004 47 SIXTEEN Summary of Groundwater Results – June 16, 2004 47 SEVENTEEN Summary of Groundwater Measurements – June 16, 2004 Figures EIGHTEEN Removal Rates – September
21, 2004 50 NINETEEN Summary of Groundwater Results – September 21, 2004 51 TWENTY Summary of Groundwater Measurements – September 21, 2004 Figures TWENTY-ONE Removal Rates – December
9, 2004 54 TWENTY-TWO Summary of Groundwater Results – December 9, 2004 Figures TWENTY-THREE Summary of Groundwater Measurements – December 9, 2004 Figures TWENTY-FOUR Removal Rates
– March 24, 2005 58 TWENTY-FIVE Summary of Groundwater Results – March 24, 2005 58 TWENTY-SIX Summary of Groundwater Measurements – March 24, 2005 Figures
LIST OF TABLES (cont’d)
TABLE
NUMBER NAME LOCATION/
PAGE TWENTY-SEVEN Removal Rates – June 13, 2005 62 TWENTY-EIGHT Summary of Groundwater Results – June 13, 2005 63 TWENTY-NINE Summary of Groundwater Measurements – June 13, 2005 Figures THIRTY Historical
Summary of Groundwater Results for MW-10 Figures THIRTY-ONE Historical Summary of Results for Influent Figures THIRTY-TWO Historical Summary of Groundwater Results for MW-10 Figures
LIST OF
ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS
AAL Allowable Ambient Limits MSDS Material Safety Data Sheet ACEC Areas of Critical Environmental Concern MTBE methyl tert-butyl ether ACM Asbestos Containing Material NON Notice of
Non-Compliance ACO Administrative Consent Order NOR Notice of Responsibility APHs Air-Phase Petroleum Hydrocarbons OSHA Occupational Safety and Health Agency AST Aboveground Storage
Tank OVM Organic Vapor Meter ASTM American Society for Testing and Materials PAHs polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons AUL Activity and Use Limitation PCBs polychlorinated biphenyls BWSC Bureau
of Waste Site Cleanup PCM Phase Contrast Microscopy BWP Bureau of Waste Prevention PLM Polarized Light Microscopy CCA chromium, copper and arsenic ppb parts per billion cfu/ml colony
forming units per milliliter ppm parts per million CFR Code of Federal Regulations PRP Potentially Responsible Party cfm cubic feet per minute CMR Code of Massachusetts Regulations RAM Release
Abatement Measure cy cubic yard RCRA Resource Conservation Recovery Act DEP Department of Environmental Protection RFI Request for Information DHHS Department of Health and Human
Services RNF Release Notification Form DLWD Department of Labor and Workforce Development ROS Remedy Operation Status EDB ethylene dibromide RP Responsible Party EPA Environmental
Protection Agency RTN Release Tracking Number EPHs extractable petroleum hydrocarbons sf square feet gpd gallons per day SVOCs semi-volatile organic compounds gpm gallons per minute TECs Threshold
Effects Concentrations IRA Immediate Response Action TEL Threshold Effect Exposure Limit LRA Limited Removal Action TEM Transmission Electron Microscopy LSP Licensed Site Professional THF tetrahydrofuran MCP Massachusetts
Contingency Plan TOC total organic carbon MEK 2-butanone TPHs total petroleum hydrocarbons mg/kg milligrams per kilogram TSCA Toxic Substance Control Act LIST OF
ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS (cont’d)
mg/l milligrams per liter TVOCs total volatile organic compounds TWA time weighted average UST Underground Storage Tank ug/l micrograms per liter UTM Universal Transverse Mercator Ug/m3 micrograms
per cubic meter VOCs volatile organic compounds UIC Underground Injection Control VPHs volatile petroleum hydrocarbons USGS United States Geologic Survey
1.0 INTRODUCTION
On behalf of Pleasant Journey Used Cars, Inc, Penney Engineering, Inc is pleased to submit this fifth Phase V Inspection and Monitoring Report for the treatment systems we have installed
and operate at the former Staab’s Service Station located at 459, 480, and 492 Pleasant Street (Route 5) in Northampton, MA (“the site”). This report has been prepared for the period
from February 28, 2005 to September 1, 2005. The site is defined as the area containing significant concentrations of gasoline-related contaminants in the soil and the groundwater.
The site is located at the intersection of Pleasant and Conz Streets, as shown on the Locus Map located in the Figures section. We began operating the groundwater treatment system
on June 25, 2003 and the soil vapor extraction system on September 9, 2003. As of August 22, 2005, we had treated 1,804,911 gallons of groundwater and recovered 673.05 gallons of gasoline
that has been or shall be reused off-site as a fuel. On November 23, 2004, we began manually applying remedial additives to monitoring wells MW- 12 and ECS-5 located at 492 Pleasant
Street on a periodic basis. On March 24, 2005, we began to apply remedial additives to MW-2A, MW-10, MW-12, and ECS-5. We currently apply remedial additives to MW-2A, MW-10 and MW-12
every two to four weeks. The addition of remedial additives has greatly enhanced the bioremediation of the petroleum contaminants at 480 and 492 Pleasant Street.
On October 5, 2004, the affected property owners met to discuss our September 30, 2004 evaluation report and cost estimate to install the remainder of the treatment systems across Pleasant
Street. It was decided that without a financial contribution from the Massachusetts Highway Department (MHD), the owners would continue to evaluate the current treatment systems for
another year before solely incurring the costs to install the remainder of the systems at 480 Pleasant Street. We have determined that the effect of the current groundwater system may
be limited to the area between Recovery Well RW-1 and the Recharge Well; the adjacent section of Pleasant Street; and potentially the western extent of the properties at 480 and 492
Pleasant Street. We determined that the recharged groundwater may be short-circuiting by flowing through channels or the more permeable layer of medium to coarse sand beginning at a
depth of 14 feet. We may begin pulsing the pump in Recovery Well RW-1 off and on to reduce short-circuiting. We also determined that the gasoline contamination is being partially drawn
back to Recovery Well RW-1 from under the adjacent portion of Pleasant Street owned by the MHD and potentially 480 Pleasant Street. On September 21, 2004, we detected a dramatic increase
of gasoline contaminants in monitoring well MW-9, which is located immediately to the east of Recovery Well RW-1. Recovery Well RW-1 maintains a drawdown of approximately one-foot,
which is expected to greatly affect the groundwater over a large area in the low permeability soil at the site. Since September 19, 2003, we no longer observe free-phase gasoline in
any of the monitoring wells at the entire site. On November 23, 2004, we began manually applying remedial additives to specific monitoring wells located at 480 and 492 Pleasant Street
to remediate those properties. The remediation shall be much slower than an active remediation system.
On April 19, 2005, we sent another letter to the MHD, this time only requesting that they install the piping required to extend the treatment systems across Route 5. On May 10, 2005,
Mr. Albert R. Stegemann, the District Two Highway Director, issued us a letter. Copies of both letters are included in Appendix A. Mr. Stegemann’s letter failed to respond to our request
to have MHD install the piping across its property. Instead Mr. Stegemann simply states a permit is required, however, he is now willing to waive the fee. It should be noted that Mr.
Stegemann returned our original letter and the attachment, presumably to keep them out of the public record. A complete copy was submitted to the Department.
Numerous assessments have been conducted at the site since 1988 when gasoline was detected in the groundwater being pumped from a test wellpoint at the carwash located at 492 Pleasant
Street. The surrounding properties, that were once part of the Staab’s Service Station, were found to be contaminated with gasoline. Only very limited remediation had been previously
conducted at the site. On May 15, 2003, we submitted a combined Phase III Remedial Action Plan and Phase IV Remedy Implementation Plan. On June 2, 2003, we began installing the groundwater
and soil treatment systems proposed in our May 2003 Phase III/IV Plan. The treatment systems were installed in accordance with the applicable requirements of 310 CMR 40.0870 and the
Phase IV performance standards described in 310 CMR 40.0872. Only the portions of the systems at 459 Pleasant Street were installed because we were unable to locate the former product
pipes that reportedly crossed Pleasant Street. We had hoped to utilize the existing pipes to connect the portion of the treatment systems at 480 Pleasant Street and avoid having to
excavate across Route 5.
On June 25, 2003, we started the groundwater treatment system and began monitoring it. On July 23, 2003, we received a response letter from the Massachusetts Highway Department (MHD)
stating that they were willing to provide assistance with the remediation at the site and the crossing of Pleasant Street. On September 9, 2003, we graded the contaminated soil that
had been stockpiled on site, but was not accepted for asphalt recycling, as a modification of our Phase IV Plan. On September 9, we also activated the soil vapor extraction (SVE) system
and began monitoring it. On September 11, 2003, the graded soil was covered with bituminous concrete, as recommended by the Department of Environmental Protection (“the DEP”). The
graded, contaminated soil was allowed to be remediated on-site by the SVE system. On September 15, 2003, we submitted a combined Final Inspection Report, Phase IV Completion Report,
and Phase V Inspection and Monitoring Report. On March 23, 2004, we submitted our second Phase V Inspection and Monitoring Report. On September 21, 2004, we submitted our third Phase
V Inspection and Monitoring Report.
We hope to have the MHD contribute to the cleanup fund for the site and assist us with crossing Route 5 in order to install the final portion of the treatment systems at 480 Pleasant
Street. The MHD has only offered to assist us with crossing Route 5. We have evaluated the operation of the existing treatment systems and determined that the installation of the systems
at 480 Pleasant Street would expedite the cleanup of the site. On September 19, 2003, we observed four inches of gasoline in a monitoring well at 480 Pleasant Street. Since March 18,
2004, we have not observed free-phase gasoline in any of the wells we inspected at the site. On November 23, 2004, we began applying remedial additives to specific monitoring wells
at 459, 480 and 492 Pleasant Street. After completing the installation of the systems across Pleasant Street, we shall achieve Remedy Operation Status in accordance with 310 CMR 40.0893.
The properties at 459, 480 and 492 Pleasant Street were previously under common ownership and operated as the Staab’s Service Station until 1955 when Pleasant Street (Route 5) was constructed
through the station property. In 2002, we confirmed the continued presence of free-phase gasoline floating on the groundwater in the area of the former dispensers and underground storage
tanks at 459 Pleasant Street; under the adjacent portion of Pleasant Street; and extending to the area of the former tanks directly across Pleasant Street at 480 Pleasant Street. We
have also confirmed the continued presence of significant concentrations of dissolved gasoline contaminants in the groundwater over a larger area. The dissolved gasoline contaminants
were found to be slowly migrating to the east in the direction of the local groundwater flow. The conditions at the site warranted the implementation of remedial response actions.
In June 1984, the former tanks at 459 and 480 Pleasant Street were removed. Reportedly, the tanks at 480 Pleasant Street were used for the original gasoline station which had dispensers
along Conz Street. Conz Street was previously known as Maple Street, the main route into the center of Northampton. We believe that the tanks at 480 Pleasant Street may have actually
been for dispensers on the opposite or both sides of Pleasant Street. In 1984, Mr. Robert Kalish, the President of Pleasant Journey, remembered seeing pipes that lead to the former
dispensers at 459 Pleasant Street when the tanks at 480 Pleasant Street were being removed. Reportedly, the tanks at 459 Pleasant Street were the most recent tanks used to supply the
dispensers at 459 Pleasant Street. There may still be tanks buried at 459 Pleasant Street that were used to supply the former dispensers along Conz (Maple) Street. In 1988, a wellpoint
was installed at the car wash at 492 Pleasant Street to evaluate installing a supply well. Gasoline was detected in the groundwater pumped from the wellpoint. On June 14, 1988, the
DEP was notified of a release at 492 Pleasant Street. Site Number 1-0462 was assigned. The gasoline was traced to the former tanks at 459 Pleasant Street, but no one was sure where
the gasoline originated from. Monitoring wells were installed and up to 12 inches of free-phase gasoline was observed in three wells. Groundwater was encountered at a depth of eight
to 11 feet.
On October 23, 1989, the DEP was first notified of a gasoline release at 459 Pleasant Street based upon the findings presented in an August 30, 1989 report by the former Certified Engineering
and Testing Company of Weymouth, MA. Site number 1-0705 was assigned and it later became the Release Tracking Number (RTN) for the site. On January 25, 1990, a Phase II Scope of Work
for the site was received by the DEP. On January 21, 1994, a Settlement Agreement was entered into by the prior and current owners of the properties that comprised the former Staab’s
Service Station property. The Commonwealth of Massachusetts, as the reported owner of the Route 5 property, was not included in the Agreement at the time. The Agreement stated that
Pleasant Journey Used Cars, Inc, Mr. Robert Kalish and his former partner, Mr. John Guillot, would remediate the gasoline contamination at 459 and 492 Pleasant Street. The owners of
492 Pleasant Street contributed $70,000 to a fund established to pay for the remediation. The estate of the former owner of the properties also contributed $98,000 to the fund. The
former owner of 492 Pleasant Street contributed $2,000. Pleasant Journey Used Cars, Inc, Mr. Kalish and Mr. Guillot agreed to use the contributed monies to remediate the contamination
and contribute any additional monies required for the remediation or refund any of the contributed monies not used. Numerous investigations and limited remedial measures were conducted
at the site. On December 4, 1996, the site was recommended to be classified as a Tier II site by Cold Spring Environmental, Inc of Belchertown. The remedial measures were limited to
manual bailing of the free-phase gasoline from monitoring wells over ten years; a limited groundwater pump and treat system; and a soil vacuum extraction (SVE) system that operated intermittently
from August 7, 2000 until December 7, 2000.
On December 8, 1998, a Method Three Risk Characterization was prepared for the site by O’Reilly, Talbot & Okun Associates, Inc of Springfield. It determined that there was no significant
risk associated with the remaining contamination at the site. On March 26, 1999, the Method Three Risk Characterization, a Phase II Report, and a Phase III Plan were submitted to the
DEP by Environmental Compliance Services (ECS), Inc of Agawam. The document stated that no significant risk was identified at the site at that time. The application of oxygen-releasing
compounds and an Activity and Use Limitation were recommended as a permanent solution for the site. On June 8, 2000, free-phase gasoline was again discovered in wells MW-9 and VM-1
at thicknesses of 0.69 and 0.14 feet, respectively. On June 29, 2000, an Immediate Response Action (IRA) Plan was submitted to the DEP by Acadian Environmental of Springfield. The
IRA Plan originally proposed the installation of a groundwater pump and treat system and a separate SVE system using vapor phase carbon for air emissions control. Bailing of the free-phase
gasoline was again proposed to be conducted from specific wells. The groundwater was to be pumped through an oil/water separator and two, 500-lb canisters of aqueous phase carbon before
being discharged into a storm drain. On September 1, 2000, the IRA Plan was modified to allow the SVE system to use a catalytic oxidizer instead of vapor phase carbon, presumably because
of the high concentrations of gasoline vapors being extracted from the soil.
According to a November 30, 2000 IRA Status Report by Acadian, the SVE system began operating on August 7, 2000. The pump and treat system only operated at 1.5 gpm from August 8 to
10, 2000 because of mechanical problems. The SVE system utilized an existing monitoring well and did not include a knockout drum. Reportedly, the SVE system operated intermittently
from August 7, 2000 until it too experienced mechanical problems on December 7, 2000. The second, June 22, 2001 IRA Status Report by Acadian stated that a Falco Model #500 catalytic
oxidizer had been used with the SVE system until the second week of December 2000. Reportedly, the oxidizer was damaged when liquid gasoline was drawn into it.
On January 29, 2002, the DEP issued a Notice of Noncompliance (NON) to Pleasant Journey for its failure to complete the required Comprehensive Response Actions at the site. The NON
requested that a third IRA Status Report be submitted by March 29, 2002. The NON also requested that a Phase IV Plan be submitted by April 29, 2002. A Phase IV Plan was originally
due by December 4, 1999. The December 4, 1996 Tier II classification for the site expired on December 3, 2001. No extension application was submitted 60 days prior to the expiration
date.
On March 12, 2002, we inspected the site. Five inches of free-phase gasoline was measured in monitoring well MW-9 located along Pleasant Street. The gasoline appeared weathered, but
smelled fresh. On March 22, 2002, we were retained by Mr. Kalish to assume the responsibility of providing Licensed Site Professional (LSP) services for the site. We briefly reviewed
the numerous assessment and status reports that had been prepared for the site. Reportedly, the properties comprising the site were previously owned and operated as a gasoline station
by Mr. Carlton H. Staab and his parents from 1912 until 1955 when Route 5 was constructed through the station as part of the federal highway program. Reportedly, Route 5 is owned by
the Commonwealth of Massachusetts and controlled by the Massachusetts Highway Department. A gasoline station continued to operate at 459 Pleasant Street until 1983 when the 21,280 square-foot
commercial property was purchased by Pleasant Journey and converted to a retail, used automobile dealership. Reportedly in 1984, four underground gasoline tanks were removed from 459
Pleasant Street. The capacities of the tanks were 1,500, 3,000, 8,000, and 9,000 gallons.
On March 28, 2002, we submitted a third IRA Status Report to the DEP and proposed conducting additional assessment activities as an IRA Modification. On April 25, 2002, we gauged and
sampled 19 specific wells at the site. We also conducted limited indoor air screening in some of the surrounding buildings. We confirmed the continued presence of free-phase gasoline
in the area of the former dispensers along Pleasant Street at 459 Pleasant Street and in the area of former gasoline tanks that were located directly across Pleasant Street at 480 Pleasant
Street. We assumed that the two areas of free-phase gasoline were connected under the adjacent section of Pleasant Street. We also confirmed the continued presence of significant,
dissolved gasoline contaminants in the groundwater over a larger area encompassing the properties located at 459, 480 and 492 Pleasant Street. Both contaminant conditions warranted
the implementation of remedial response actions at the site. We did not identify a Critical Exposure Pathway or an Imminent Hazard based upon the available information and conversations
with the DEP. After at least 14 years, the free-phase gasoline had not significantly migrated to the east toward the Connecticut River.
For the next few months we reviewed the available documents and evaluated a number of remedial options with Mr. Kalish. We found that the car wash property, at 492 Pleasant Street,
was listed as a Tier IB default site with RTN: 1-0462, although ECS had reported that a Downgradient Property Status Submittal had been submitted for it. On April 8, 2002, Mr. Michael
Scherer from the DEP stated that no Downgradient Property Status Submittal had been received for RTN: 1-0462. Mr. Scherer agreed to internally link the two sites under RTN: 1-0705.
The groundwater at the site is classified as GW-2 and GW-3. The groundwater table is less than 15 feet below grade. Reportedly, there are no private water supply wells within 500 feet.
Municipal drinking water is available along Pleasant Street. There are no occupied residences within 30 feet of the site. There are only occupied offices and commercial buildings
located within 30 feet of the site. Reportedly, none of the surrounding buildings have basements. The gasoline-contaminated soil cannot be excavated because of space restrictions and
because it extends under Pleasant Street. An Activity and Use Limitation is an acceptable remedial option for Pleasant Journey, but may not be acceptable to the other property owners.
The native soil is uniform, fine sand with a high silt content and very low permeability. Limited hydraulic conductivity testing has been conducted by others which incorrectly reported
relatively high hydraulic conductivity. The free-phase gasoline had not significantly migrated for at least 14 years, indicating low soil permeability and a low hydraulic gradient.
The groundwater had not been tested for dissolved iron or manganese, but has been found to be relatively low based on the aeration of the groundwater by the current treatment system.
Sewer and storm water pipes run along Pleasant Street, but may not be preferential pathways because they may be bedded above the groundwater table measured to be at eight to 11 feet.
Reportedly, there may have been a problem with the prior storm water discharge from the treatment system installed by Acadian, so that a future discharge would not be approved by the
EPA or the City of Northampton.
During the summer of 2002, we prepared a more accurate plan of the site and adjacent properties. Our Remedial Action Site Plan was drawn to scale and showed all the important features.
It was used to prepare more accurate figures of the site. Groundwater contours and contaminant plumes were shown as separate figures. Copies of the figures are included in the Figures
section. We have also evaluated the presence of an Imminent Hazard, a Condition of Substantial Release Migration and the presence of a Critical Exposure Pathway. Limited indoor air
monitoring was conducted. No one had reported smelling gasoline in their buildings. According to the June 29, 2000 IRA Plan by Acadian, a Condition of Substantial Release Migration
did not exist at the site even though up to 0.69 feet of free-phase gasoline was observed floating on the groundwater.
In November 2002, we conducted a focused feasibility study of the applicable treatment technologies to remediate the gasoline contamination in the soil and the groundwater at the site.
The most applicable technologies were used to develop at least three remedial alternatives. Each alternative was evaluated in terms of costs, ability to be constructed, effectiveness,
and safety. We met with Mr. Kalish to discuss the three alternatives in order to select the best remedial alternative to effectively remediate the site. We determined that the most
appropriate alternative included pumping the contaminated groundwater from one or two recovery wells and treating the water in a biodiffuser, with vapor phase carbon for air emission
controls. Pumping the groundwater would depress the groundwater table in order to first allow a majority of the free-phase gasoline to be removed manually with bailers or with automatic
skimmers from the large diameter recovery wells. Once a majority of the available free-phase gasoline was removed, an SVE system would be activated to remove the bound free-phase gasoline
from the pore spaces of the dewatered saturation zone above the depressed groundwater table. Once the SVE system removed the bound free-phase gasoline, the biodiffuser would continue
to operate to reduce the dissolved gasoline contaminants below the applicable Method One GW-2 and GW-3 cleanup standards. The treated groundwater would be discharged upgradient of the
contamination to promote flushing and biological remediation. Remedial additives may be injected into the discharged groundwater to enhance bioremediation.
On November 13, 2002, the DEP issued a second Notice of Noncompliance to Pleasant Journey. It requested that a fourth IRA Status Report or an IRA Completion Report be submitted for
the site within 30 days. It also requested that a Tier II Extension Request or a Response Action Outcome (RAO) Statement be submitted for the site.
On December 5, 2002, we sent a letter to Mr. Kalish explaining his regulatory options. We recommended that we close the IRA activities and proceed with the remediation of the site as
a Comprehensive Response Action. We also described a proposed treatment system and included conceptual design plans. We suggested that he discuss the installation of a second Recovery
Well with the owners of the property at 480 Pleasant Street in order to expedite the remediation. We requested that he seek their written authorization.
On December 9, 2002, we submitted a letter to the DEP which acknowledged our receipt of the second NON, reported our ongoing efforts to design a treatment system for the site and provided
notification that we would be submitting an IRA Completion Report before the December 16, 2002 deadline. On December 10, 2002, we received written authorization to install a recovery
well at 480 Pleasant Street from the owner, Quickbeam Realty Trust.
On December 12, 2002, we submitted a combined IRA Completion Report and Tier II Extension Request for the site to the DEP. The submission of the IRA Completion Report closed the June
29, 2000 IRA Plan submitted by Acadian. The Tier II Extension Request requested that the DEP grant two, one-year extensions of the Tier II classification. The two extensions were requested
to allow a treatment system to be installed and Remedy Operation Status to be achieved before the extended Tier II classification expired again on December 3, 2003.
On December 17, 2002, Mr. Scherer contacted us to say that he received our December 12, 2002 submission. He also stated that there were violations associated with prior Notices of Responsibility
issued for the site. He wanted to have Pleasant Journey enter into an Administrative Consent Order (ACO) to eliminate the violations and specify completion dates for the required Comprehensive
Response Actions. We discussed completion dates with Mr. Scherer. He wanted to meet with Mr. Kalish. He also stated that the DEP could only issue the requested two, one-year Tier
II classification extensions with an ACO.
On January 8, 2003, Mr. Kalish met with Mr. Scherer at the DEP office in Springfield. Mr. Kalish agreed to enter into an ACO. On January 17, 2003, the DEP issued a draft ACO to Mr.
Kalish and sent a copy to us. We reviewed the ACO and discussed our requested revisions with Mr. Kalish. Mr. Kalish had his attorney review the draft ACO and our revisions. On February
11, 2003, we faxed a markup of the draft ACO to Mr. Scherer showing our requested revisions. Later on February 11, Mr. Scherer called us to say that he had no problems with our revisions.
He also answered our two questions that pertained to our ability to install the treatment systems at the site while the Tier II Extension Request was being reviewed and if the two,
one-year extensions could be written into the final ACO. Mr. Scherer stated that the installation could proceed during the review period and that the extensions would be written into
the ACO. On February 11, the DEP issued an ACO that incorporated all our requested revisions except the request for two, one-year Tier II classification extensions. Mr. Kalish signed
the ACO and mailed it back to Mr. Scherer. On February 27, 2003, the ACO was signed by Mr. Michael J. Gorski at the DEP and it became effective.
In February 2003, we sent draft copies of our plans to local contractors for quotations to assist with the installation of the treatment systems. On February 27, 2003, Mr. Mark Kalish
measured the available space to construct a concrete pad for the treatment trailer between the Pleasant Journey office building and Fulton Avenue. There was not enough space for the
required setbacks. On February 28, 2003, we met with Mr. Kalish to discuss the treatment systems. Mr. Kalish offered to relocate all the cars from the eastern portion of his property
during the installation. He also said that he would repave the entire area we would excavate to install the systems. We discussed upgrading the electrical service, connecting a dialer
from the systems to one of his telephone lines and saving approximately $20,000 by not installing automatic skimmers to remove the gasoline from the two proposed recovery wells. Mr.
Kalish preferred to manually bail the gasoline. On April 3, 2003, we met with Mr. Kalish to discuss our latest design plans. Mr. Kalish directed us to design a third SVE zone to be
located at 480 Pleasant Street to expedite the remediation.
On April 4, 2003, we contacted Mr. Mathew Pitoniak of Quickbeam Realty Trust to discuss installing a recovery well and third SVE zone at its 480 Pleasant Street property. Mr. Pitoniak
was concerned that the installation would block his northern curb cut at 480 Pleasant Street so we agreed to relocate the recovery well to the south. We agreed to send him copies of
our latest plans. We requested an accurate plan of his properties. On April 7, 2003, Mr. Pitoniak faxed us a sketch of the important features that he personally measured at 480 Pleasant
Street.
In April, we setup charge accounts with local vendors. On April 17, 2003, we faxed a revised plan of Recovery Well RW-2 to Mr. Pitoniak for his approval and ordered the pre-cast concrete
structures from Arrow Concrete Products of Granby, CT. On April 18, 2003, we met with the selected excavation contractor, Grant Brothers Associates of Mansfield, to discuss the installation
of the treatment system. It was agreed to postpone the scheduled May 5, 2003 start date because of the unseasonably high groundwater table. A large manhole box or shoring would be
used to reduce the need to conduct costly dewatering. We agreed to begin monitoring the elevation of the groundwater table on a weekly basis. On May 1 and 2, 2003, Arrow Concrete delivered
the pre-cast concrete structures to the site.
On May 15, 2003, we submitted a Phase III/IV Remedial Action and Remedy Implementation Plan to the DEP in accordance with the ACO. Approval of the Phase III/IV Plan by the DEP was not
required. The Phase III/IV Plan included a summary of the previous and our recent assessment activities. It included plans showing our estimated extent of the free-phase gasoline floating
under 459 Pleasant Street, 480 Pleasant Street and the adjacent section of Pleasant Street. Based upon the available assessment information, the center of the free-phase gasoline and
the dissolved plume appeared to be located directly under Pleasant Street. It also included an evaluation of the applicable remedial technologies to remove the gasoline contaminants
from the groundwater and soil at the site. It proposed that the contaminated groundwater be pumped from two recovery wells in order to first depress the groundwater table to allow a
majority of the free-phase gasoline to be removed by manually skimming any recovered gasoline from inside the large diameter recovery wells. A second recovery well, to be located at
480 Pleasant Street, was proposed as an option to expedite the remediation. We hoped to utilize the former product piping under Pleasant Street to pipe to the second recovery well and
avoid the need to excavate across Route 5. The SVE system was to be installed as three separate zones. The Phase III/IV Plan included detailed construction plans of the proposed groundwater
and soil treatment systems.
On May 29, 2003, we discussed our Phase III/IV Plan with Mr. Scherer. On May 30, 2003, the DEP issued a letter to Pleasant Journey. The letter required that any soil stockpiled during
the installation be removed within 30 days; that the recovery wells be vented through the SVE system as we had previously offered to do; that proper safety equipment would be utilized;
that no recharge water shall drain to the adjacent property; and that any recovered gasoline be properly stored. From April 25 until May 29, 2003, we monitored the relatively high elevation
of the groundwater at the site due to the large snowmelt. When it returned to normal springtime elevations, we scheduled the installation of the treatment systems.
On June 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6, 2003, we installed the underground portions of the treatment systems at 459 Pleasant Street. We also constructed the concrete pad for the treatment trailer,
placed the trailer on the pad, placed the regenerative carbon vessel on the pad and filled the vessel with approximately 1,300 lbs of vapor phase carbon. We encountered approximately
100 cubic yards of overtly, gasoline-contaminated soil and stockpiled it on site. On June 11, 12 and 13, 2003, we completed the setup of the treatment trailer and tested the equipment.
On June 20, 2003, we submitted a preliminary Bill of Lading form with three attachments to the Ted Ondrick Company, LLC of Chicopee as a request to recycle the approximately 100 cubic
yards of stockpiled soil.
On June 25, 2003, we installed a chain link fence around the trailer, started the system, and began monitoring it. We also collected baseline groundwater samples from specific wells
along with influent and effluent samples from the groundwater treatment system.
On June 25, 2003, a representative from Ondrick called and requested three more samples from the stockpile because the total volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and the flashpoint exceeded
their acceptance criteria. Later that day we collected the additional soil samples.
On June 27, 2003, revisions to the Massachusetts Contingency Plan became effective. The revisions did not significantly affect the design, the construction or the operation of the treatment
systems. The revisions only required us to notify the Mayor of Northampton and the Board of Health of our significant field activities.
On June 27, 2003, we sent a letter to Mr. Kenneth Werner at District Two of the Massachusetts Highway Department (MHD) in Northampton. The letter briefly discussed the history of the
site and requested that the MHD consider participating in the cleanup of the site. It also requested their assistance with installing pipes across Route 5 that may be required to complete
the construction of the treatment systems.
On July 7, 2003, the Northampton Fire Department inspected the storage drums and signed the June 3, 2003 permit to store recovered gasoline. On July 14, 2003, we sent the additional
soil results to Ondrick. The VOC results for the three samples were 677, 2.9 and 7.8 mg/kg. The average was 229 mg/kg, which was below the acceptance criteria of 500 mg/kg. The flashpoint
for all three samples was greater than 165°F, which was acceptable. On July 16, 2003, Mr. Paul Mullen from Ondrick called to say that they would pass on recycling the stockpiled soil
as recommended by Mr. David Slowick at the DEP. Reportedly, Mr. Slowick questioned the validity of our additional soil sampling results. We immediately spoke with Mr. Scherer who agreed
to review all the results which were sent to him later that day. We began to evaluate other recycling facilities, but all had the same 500 mg/kg total VOCs limit in their permits.
After numerous discussions, Mr. Scherer offered to sample the stockpiled soil himself.
On July 22, 2003, we received a letter from Attorney William F. M. Hicks from the MHD. The letter stated that the MHD would provide whatever assistance is possible. On July 23, 2003,
we received a letter from Mr. John W. Hoey, Jr, the District Highway Director at District Two of the MHD. Mr. Hoey stated that he had forwarded our June 27, 2003 letter to Chief Counsel
at MHD.
On July 31, 2003, Mr. Scherer called us to say he had gotten similar results of 1,000 and 700 mg/kg VOCs. He suggested that we modify our Phase IV Plan to grade the stockpiled soil
on-site, cover it with bituminous concrete and allow it to be vented by the SVE system. For the next three weeks we attempted to schedule a local contractor to grade the stockpiled
soil and a paving contractor to immediately cover it with bituminous concrete. On August 27, 2003, we sent a letter to Mr. Scherer modifying our Phase IV Plan as he suggested and informing
him that the grading and paving was tentatively scheduled for September 4 and 5, 2003. Rain eventually delayed the work until the following week. On September 9, 2003, we graded the
contaminated stockpiled soil over the area we had excavated to install the treatment systems at 459 Pleasant Street. On September 9, we also activated the SVE system and began monitoring
it. On September 11, 2003, the graded soil was covered with three inches of bituminous concrete as recommended by the DEP.
The groundwater treatment system had operated almost continuously since it was started on June 25, 2003. It had been inspected almost each workday by the mechanics at Pleasant Journey.
The flowrate was initially 5.0 gpm but was gradually decreased to 1.0 gpm due to low groundwater conditions over the summer. The high silt content of the groundwater required the discharge
filters to be frequently changed. If a filter became clogged, the biodiffuser would overfill and shutdown the entire groundwater treatment system. The alarm would sound, the exterior
strobe light would flash and the dialer would call Pleasant Journey, Mr. Penney and Mr. Kalish. After the filter was changed, it was very difficult to restart the submersible pump in
the Recovery Well because it became clogged with silt. We had to change the pump or tap the riser pipe to restart the pump. The filters were changed without having to shutdown the
biodiffuser by conducting the replacement between cycles of the discharge pump. As of September 3, 2003, a total of 168,960 gallons of groundwater had been treated and 9.5 gallons of
free-phase gasoline had been recovered by manually skimming.
On September 8, 2003, we called the Northampton Board of Health and notified them that we would be periodically monitoring the treatment system and sampling monitoring wells. They were
told that we may be wearing white suits and respirators.
On September 12, 2003, we submitted a combined Final Inspection Report, Phase IV Completion Statement and Phase V Inspection Monitoring Report as the final requirement of the February
27, 2003 Administrative Consent Order ACO-WE-03-3001 entered into by Pleasant Journey and the DEP to establish interim deadlines. Upon receipt of the combined document by the DEP, the
ACO expired and was terminated. The combined document described the fabrication, the installation and the operation of the groundwater and soil treatment systems at 459 Pleasant Street.
It included copies of the permit to store gasoline, the notification letter sent to the public officials, the July 18, 2003 letter from the MHD, our inspection reports of the installation,
the associated laboratory reports and our monitoring logs. It also described the on-site grading of the contaminated soil stockpiled during the installation and the paving of the excavated
areas.
Since being activated, the groundwater and soil treatment systems were operated and maintained by Penney Engineering with help from the mechanics at Pleasant Journey. The mechanics
and Mr. Kalish have been trained to safely bail any recovered gasoline from Recovery Well RW-1 on a weekly basis. Any gasoline that accumulated in RW-1 was manually removed with a newly
designed, Kalish skimmer. We have measured the explosion potential in Recovery Well several times and found it to be well below the lower explosive limit (LEL) for gasoline. On June
25, 20003, the LEL/oxygen percentages were 8%/20.6% at the top of RW-1 and 2%/10.5% just above the groundwater. The systems were inspected almost daily. We monitored them also every
two weeks. We routinely screened the off-gas from the biodiffuser with an organic vapor meter (OVM) and recorded the results on a monitoring log. During each inspection the operating
parameters of the systems were recorded on monitoring logs. Copies of the monitoring logs from June 13 to September 3, 2003 were previously submitted to the DEP with our first Phase
V Report.
All the piping was installed underground. The site is currently occupied during the day by the employees of Pleasant Journey. A notice has been posted on the exterior wall of the fenced
area to alert anyone to contact Pleasant Journey or Penney Engineering if there are any problems. The biodiffuser is supplied with a high-level shutoff switch wired to an alarm and
an exterior strobe light on the trailer and a dialer to call Pleasant Journey, Mr. Kalish and Penney Engineering. The moisture separator for the SVE system is wired similarly.
On September 22, 2003, we collected water samples from the influent, the effluent, well MW-9 and well MW-10. The samples were analyzed for volatile petroleum hydrocarbons (VPHs). We
also gauged specific wells. Approximately four inches of free-phase gasoline was observed in well MW-12, located at 480 Pleasant Street. The influent concentrations had been reduced
by approximately 50% from the June 25, 2003 results. Only the C5-C8 aliphatics and the C9-C10 aromatics were above the applicable GW-3 cleanup standards. Benzene had been reduced to
below the cleanup standard. The removal rates were all above 99.2 percent, even for naphthalene which is difficult to air strip. Only relatively low concentrations were detected in
the effluent being pumped into the recharge well.
On November 7, 2003, two drums of gasoline were transported from the site by the Oil Recovery Corporation of West Springfield under a Uniform Straight Bill of Lading. The approximately
100 gallons of gasoline was transported to the Vexor facility in Medina, OH to be burnt as a fuel.
On November 11, 2003, we gauged nine monitoring wells at the site to measure the depth to groundwater and to determine the presence of free-phase gasoline. We also gauged Recovery Well
RW-1 and the recharge well. No free-phase gasoline was observed in any of the wells, but a sheen was observed in RW-1 and MW-10. Wells MW-1 RW-1 MW-10, MW-9 MW-12, ECS-5 and MW-2A
had a gasoline odor. The depth to groundwater measurements was used to determine the elevation of the groundwater table at each well. We wanted to determine the zone of influence for
the recovery well. We used Surfer software to plot the resulting groundwater contours. The contours showed that the influence of the groundwater treatment system was limited to the
459 Pleasant Street. Recovery well RW-1 was not significantly affecting the groundwater at 480 Pleasant Street. A second recovery well located at 480 Pleasant Street, as proposed,
was confirmed to be needed to expedite the cleanup of the entire site.
On December 2, 2003, we submitted a second Tier II Extension Request to the DEP in accordance with 310 CMR 40.0560(7). The Tier II classification for the site was due to expire on January
27, 2004. We requested that it be extended for another year. The Request was not denied by the DEP within 45 days of receipt so it became effective.
On December 18, 2003, we collected water samples from the treatment system and monitoring wells MW-10 and MW-12. The four groundwater samples were analyzed for volatile petroleum hydrocarbons
(VPHs) by the DEP method. At a flowrate of 3.0 gpm, the influent concentrations were much lower than the previous September 22, 2003 results. Only the C9-C10 aromatics fraction was
just above the applicable GW-3 cleanup standard of 4,000 ug/l.
On February 27, 2004, three additional drums of recovered gasoline were transported from the site by the Oil Recovery Corporation under a Uniform Straight Bill of Lading. The approximately
150 gallons of gasoline was transported to the Vexor facility in Medina, OH to be burnt as a fuel.
Between September 22 and December 18, 2003, a total of 149,507 gallons of groundwater was treated through the biodiffuser. Based upon a 63% reduction of the total VPH fractions in the
influent between September 22 and December 18, 2003, the groundwater treatment system had removed 8.60 lbs of gasoline-related compounds.
On March 18, 2004, we collected influent and effluent samples from the treatment system along with groundwater from monitoring wells MW-8, MW-10, MW-12 and ECS-5. The six groundwater
samples were analyzed for VPHs by the DEP method. At a flowrate of 2.1 gpm, the C5-C8 aliphatics and C9 – C12 aliphatics fractions in the influent were above the applicable GW-3 cleanup
standard of 1,000 ug/l. The gasoline contaminants in wells MW-10, MW-12, and ECS-5 were above the applicable cleanup standards.
On March 23, 2004, we submitted our second Phase V Inspection and Monitoring Report to the DEP. The report included copies of our monitoring logs, the associated laboratory reports
for that period, and the Bills of Lading to transport the recovered gasoline.
On June 16, 2004, we collected influent and effluent samples from the treatment system along with groundwater from monitoring wells MW-9, MW-10, MW-12 and ECS-5. The six groundwater
samples were analyzed for VPHs by the DEP method. At a flowrate of 2.4 gpm, all VPH fractions as well as benzene were above the applicable GW-3 cleanup standards in the influent. The
gasoline contaminants in all four wells were above the applicable cleanup standards.
On June 16, 2004, we also applied for a new permit to store the recovered gasoline. We were informed by Deputy Fire Chief Dwayne Nichols that the permits run on a calendar year. Deputy
Chief Nichols issued a new permit dated April 15, 2004.
On July 16, 2004, two drums of recovered gasoline were transported from the site by the Oil Recovery Corporation under a Uniform Straight Bill of Lading. The approximately 110 gallons
of gasoline was transported to the Vexor facility in Medina, OH to be burnt as a fuel.
On August 31, 2004, two additional drums of recovered gasoline were transported from the site by the Oil Recovery Corporation under a Uniform Straight Bill of Lading. The approximately
110 gallons of gasoline was transported to the Vexor facility in Medina, OH to be burnt as a fuel.
On September 21, 2004, we submitted our third Phase V Inspection and Monitoring Report to the DEP. The report included copies of our monitoring logs, the associated laboratory reports
for that period, and the Bills of Lading for transporting the recovered gasoline.
On September 21, 2004, we collected influent and effluent samples from the treatment system along with groundwater from monitoring wells MW-9, MW-10, MW-12 and ECS-5. The six groundwater
samples were analyzed for VPHs. All the VPH fractions were above the applicable GW-3 cleanup standards in the influent. Noting was detected in the effluent. At a flowrate of 0.6 gpm,
the biodiffuser continued to remove at least 99.2% of the gasoline-contaminants except for naphthalene which was removed at 98.8. The VPH fractions and ethylbenzene were detected in
all four wells above the applicable cleanup standards.
In September 2004, we also began planning to install the remainder of the treatment systems at 480 Pleasant Street. We were prepared to excavate along both sides of Pleasant Street
to find the former product piping. On September 30, 2004, we send an evaluation report and a cost estimate for the installation of the remainder of the treatment systems to the owners
of the affected properties. On October 5, 2004, the affected property owners met to discuss our evaluation report and cost estimate. It was decided that without a financial contribution
from the Massachusetts Highway Department, the owners would continue to evaluate the current treatment systems for another year before incurring the costs to install the remainder of
the systems at 480 Pleasant Street. We determined that the effect of the current groundwater system was limited to the area between Recovery Well RW-1 and the Recharge Well. We had
determined that the recharged groundwater may be short-circuiting by flowing through channels or the more permeable layer of medium to coarse sand beginning at a depth of 14 feet. We
considered pulsing the pump in Recovery Well RW-1 off and on to reduce any short-circuiting. We also determined that the gasoline contamination is being partially drawn back to the
Recovery Well RW-1 from under the adjacent portion of Pleasant Street and 480 Pleasant Street. Since September 19, 2003, we have no longer observed any free-phase gasoline in any of
the wells at the entire site. On November 23, 2004, we began manually applying remedial additives to specific monitoring wells located at 480 and 492 Pleasant Street.
On October 5, 2004, the affected property owners met to discuss our September 30, 2004 evaluation report and cost estimate to install the remainder of the treatment systems across Pleasant
Street. It was decided that without a financial contribution from the Massachusetts Highway Department, the owners would continue to evaluate the current treatment systems for another
year before incurring the costs to install the remainder of the systems at 480 Pleasant Street. We have determined that the effect of the current groundwater system may be limited to
the area between Recovery Well RW-1 and the Recharge Well; the adjacent section of Pleasant Street; and potentially the western extent of the properties at 480 and 492 Pleasant Street.
We determined that the recharged groundwater may be short-circuiting by flowing through channels or the more permeable layer of medium to coarse sand beginning at a depth of 14 feet.
We may begin pulsing the pump in Recovery Well RW-1 off and on to reduce short-circuiting. We also determined that the gasoline contamination is being partially drawn back to Recovery
Well RW-1 from under the adjacent portion of Pleasant Street and potentially 480 Pleasant Street. On September 21, 2004, we detected a dramatic increase of gasoline contaminants in
monitoring well MW-9, which is located immediately to the east of Recovery Well RW-1. Recovery Well RW-1 maintains a drawdown of approximately one-foot, which is expected to greatly
affect the groundwater over a large area in the low permeability soil at the site. Since September 19, 2003, we no longer observe free-phase gasoline in any of the monitoring wells
at the entire site. On November 23, 2004, we began manually applying remedial additives to specific monitoring wells located at 480 and 492 Pleasant Street. The effects of the bioremediation
shall not be apparent until the free-phase gasoline has been removed.
On November 19, 2004, three additional drums of recovered gasoline from the carbon regeneration process were transported from the site by the Oil Recovery Corporation under a Uniform
Straight Bill of Lading. The approximately 150 gallons of gasoline was eventually transported to the Vexor facility in Medina, OH to be burnt as a fuel. On November 19, 2004, one,
2/3 full 55-gallon of sediment from cleaning the biodiffuser was also removed by Oil Recovery as oily solids under a hazardous waste manifest. The drum of sediment was removed to prevent
it from freezing during the winter.
On November 23, 2004, we began to also manually apply remedial additives to specific monitoring wells at 492 Pleasant Street.
On December 9, 2004, we collected groundwater samples of influent and effluent from the treatment system along with monitoring wells MW-1, MW-9, MW-10, MW-12 and ECS-5. The seven groundwater
samples were analyzed for VPHs. Only the C5–C8 aliphatics fraction and benzene were above the applicable GW-3 cleanup standards in the influent. Only relatively low concentrations
were detected in the effluent. At a flowrate of 1.6 gpm, the biodiffuser continued to remove at least 99.2% of the contaminants. A gasoline sheen was observed in wells MW-1, MW-9,
MW-10 and MW-12. Wells MW-1, MW-9, MW-10, MW-12 and ECS-5 had an odor of gasoline. Only the C5–C8 aliphatics and the C9–C10 aromatics fractions were detected above the applicable GW-2
and GW-3 cleanup standards in all five wells. No target VOCs were detected above the GW-2 or the GW-3 cleanup standards in any of the wells.
On December 9, 2004, we again manually applied remedial additives to monitoring wells MW- 12 and ECS-5 located at 492 Pleasant Street. Five pounds of granular, 20-20-20 microbe nutrients
and ¼ lb of powdered Munox 10x Multiplier were dissolved in the treated groundwater from the biodiffuser. One gallon of liquid surfactant was added to each well, and then a small, battery-powdered
pump was used to transfer approximately 27 gallons of the remedial additives solution into each well. Remedial additives continued to be periodically applied to specific wells.
On December 10, 2004, we submitted a third Tier II Extension Request in order to continue the remediation of the gasoline contamination the site. The existing classification was scheduled
to expire on January 27, 2005. On December 23, 2004, the DEP issued a Tier II Extension Approval extending the Tier II classification until December 4, 2005. The classification date
was returned to the initial tier classification date.
On March 24, 2005, we collected samples of the influent and effluent from the groundwater treatment system along with groundwater from monitoring wells MW-1, MW-2A, MW-9, MW-10, MW-12
and ECS-5. The seven groundwater samples were analyzed for VPHs. We also inspected nine wells for gasoline and measured the dissolved oxygen, pH and temperature in the influent, effluent,
MW-1, MW-2A, MW-5, MW-7, MW-8, MW-9, MW-10, MW-12, and ECS-5. A gasoline sheen was observed in wells MW-1, MW-9, MW-10 and MW-12. Wells MW-1, MW-2A, MW-9, MW-10, and MW-12 had an odor
of gasoline. Only relatively low concentrations were detected in the effluent. At a flowrate of 2.0 gpm, the biodiffuser continued to remove at least 98.3% of the contaminants. A majority
of the VPH fractions were above the applicable GW-2 and GW-3 cleanup standards in four wells. Well ESC-5 had a high detection limit, which was above some of the GW-2 cleanup standards.
The results for MW-12, located at 492 Pleasant Street, had significantly increased due to the periodic addition of surfactant beginning on December 9, 2004. The results for wells MW-1,
MW-9 and MW-10 were similar to the previous results. The bacteria counts in MW-12 and ESC-5 were very high due to the periodic addition of remedial additives. The high counts indicated
that enhanced bioremediation was occurring. Nitrate and nitrite were detected at low concentrations in the influent and MW-10 as a result of our beginning to inject microbe nutrients
into the discharge water. Compared to the influent, the nitrate and nitrite concentrations were very high in MW-12 and ESC-5 due to the addition of remedial additives. On March 24
we also began to apply remedial additives to MW-2A, MW-10, MW-12, and ECS-5.
On June 13, 2005, we collected samples of the influent and effluent from the groundwater treatment system along with groundwater from monitoring wells MW-1, MW-2A, MW-9, MW-10, MW-12
and ECS-5. Only six of the groundwater samples were analyzed for VPHs by the DEP method. The samples from MW-12 and ECS-5 could not be purged due to foaming caused by the surfactant
that had been periodically applied to those wells. We also inspected nine wells for gasoline and measured the dissolved oxygen, pH and temperature in the influent, effluent, MW-1, MW-2A,
MW-5, MW-7, MW-8, MW-9, MW-10, MW-12, and ECS-5. No gasoline sheen was observed in any of the wells. Wells MW-1, MW-2A, MW-8, MW-9, and MW-10 had an odor of gasoline. All the VPH
fractions and target VOCs were below the applicable GW-3 cleanup standards in the influent. Only relatively low concentration of the C9 – C12 aliphatics was detected in the effluent.
At a flowrate of 2.0 gpm, the biodiffuser continued to remove at least 98.6% of the contaminants. The results for MW-1 had decreased from the previous results. That well is clearly
in the area being remediated by the groundwater treatment system. The results for the other three wells were about the same as the previous results. It was unfortunate that the samples
from MW-12 and ECS-5 could not be analyzed due to the foaming caused by the surfactant. The results for the target VOCs were all below the applicable GW-2 and GW-3 cleanup standards
in all four wells
We shall continue to operate and monitor the current treatment systems. We shall regenerate the vapor phase carbon as needed and store the recovered gasoline on-site until we accumulate
two or three drums for off-site reuse. As of March 3, 2004, a total of 1,466,895 gallons of groundwater had been treated and 622.80 gallons of gasoline had been recovered. We shall
continue to evaluate the cost-benefit of installing the remainder of the treatment systems at 480 Pleasant Street. Based upon the current results, the SVE system has been very effective
at removing a majority of the free-phase gasoline from both sides of Pleasant Street. Since April 25, 2002, we routinely observed free-phase gasoline in wells MW-1, MW-9, MW-10, MW-12
and ECS-5. On September 19, 2003, we observed four-inches of free-phase gasoline in well MW-12 located at 492 Pleasant Street. On June 16, 2004, we have only observed a sheen in wells
MW-9, 10, and 12. On September 21, 2004, we only observed a sheen in wells MW-9, 10, 12 and ECS-5. On December 9, 2004, we only observed a sheen in wells MW-1, 9, 10, 12 and ECS-5.
A third SVE zone located along the 492 and 480 side of Pleasant Street would allow any remaining free-phase gasoline to be vented from the pore spaces of the soil from under and across
Pleasant Street. The effects of the bioremediation shall not be apparent until the free-phase gasoline has been removed. The effect of the current groundwater system may be limited
to the area between Recovery Well RW-1 and the Recharge Well. The results may also indicate that the gasoline contamination is being partially drawn back to the Recovery Well RW-1 from
under and across Pleasant Street.
The treatment systems shall continue to be operated, maintained and monitored in accordance with the Response Action Performance Standards. The systems shall be operated for the next
few years until the requirements of a Class A Response Action Outcome Statement are achieved and the site can be closed. We shall submit a fourth Tier II Extension Request or a Remedy
Operations Status Submittal before the October 20, 2005 submission deadline. Representative soil samples shall be analyzed before closing the site. We may also conduct a subsurface
investigation to determine if there are any abandoned tanks at the site.
Pleasant Journey Used Cars, Inc has assumed responsibility for installing and operating the treatment systems in accordance with MGL c. 21E and the Massachusetts Contingency Plan. The
name, address and telephone number of the contact person is:
Mr. Robert P. Kalish, President
PLEASANT JOURNEY USED CARS, INC
459 Pleasant Street
Northampton, MA 01060
(413) 774-6559
The first four sections of this Phase V Report summarize our previous findings. Section 5.0 describes the construction of the groundwater and soil treatment systems. Section 6.0 describes
the operation, maintenance and monitoring of the treatment systems. Section 7.0 describes the public notification process. A Locus Map; fifteen tables of results; five figures showing
the groundwater contours and the extent of the contamination; four charts showing the gasoline recovered during regeneration of the carbon; and three charts showing the historical results
for the influent, MW-9 and MW-10 are included in the Figures section. A full-size as-built Remedial Action Site Plan is included in the rear pocket. Appendix A includes a completed
Comprehensive Response Action Transmittal Form (BWSC-108), an April 19, 2005 letter to MHD and a May 10, 2005 response letter from MHD. Appendix B includes copies of our monitoring
logs that have been completed from February 5, 2005 to August 22, 2005. Appendix C includes copies of the laboratory analysis reports for the groundwater samples collected on March
24, 2005 and June 13, 2005.
1.1 Description of the Site
The site is located at 459, 480 and 492 Pleasant Street in Northampton, MA as shown on the Locus Map. The site has historically been used as a gasoline service station from 1912 until
1984. The immediate area is relatively flat. There are commercial businesses along Conz and Pleasant Streets. There are homes along Pleasant Street to the north of the site. Pleasant
Street is a four-lane highway and part of State Route 5. It is the main route leading into the center of Northampton from the south. As shown on the Locus Map, there is an active railroad
line located along the rear of 480 and 492 Pleasant Street. Reportedly, coal and petroleum products were transported by train and stored at surrounding properties along Pleasant Street.
The Mill River flows from the area of the site into the Connecticut River located approximately one mile southeast of the site, as shown on the Locus Map.
According to a May 17, 2002 BWSC Site Scoring Map, the site is not located within an Interim Wellhead Protection Area, a Zone II or a mapped Potentially Productive Aquifer. Reportedly,
there are no private water supply wells located within 500 feet of the site. Municipal drinking water is available along Pleasant Street. The depth to groundwater at the site ranges
from eight to 11 feet. There are no occupied residences located within 30 feet of the site. There are offices and commercial buildings that are occupied daily, within 30 feet of portions
of the site. The groundwater at the site is classified as GW-2 and GW-3, depending upon its proximity to the occupied offices and commercial buildings. According to previous reports,
the groundwater was classified as GW-1. We shall continue to classify the groundwater at the site as GW-2 and GW-3 until information to the contrary becomes available.
2.0 SITE HISTORY
2.1 History of Use at the Site
A title search for the site was not conducted. Based upon the prior reports and the October 22, 2001 Warranty Deed for 459 Pleasant Street, a list of the prior owners of 459 Pleasant
Street is presented in Table One. The deeds have been recorded at the Hampshire County Registry of Deeds.
TABLE ONE
History of Ownership
459 Pleasant Street
Date of Purchase Owner Book and Page Number Ralph T. Staab & Gretchen S. Belz April 26, 1965 Carlton H. Staab 1461/66 1983 Robert P. Kalish May 28, 1986 Robert
P. Kalish & John Guillot 2730/231 October 22, 2001 Robert P. Kalish
The site was commonly known as Staab’s Gasoline Station from 1912 until 1983 when the property at 459 Pleasant Street was purchased by Mr. Kalish to be used for selling used automobiles.
The properties at 480 and 492 Pleasant Street were also sold to others. Reportedly, the properties at 480 and 492 Pleasant Streets are currently owned by Quickbeam Realty Trust.
2.2 Current Use of the Site
According to the March, 1999 Phase II Report by ECS, the area of the site is zoned for General Business. There are a number of businesses along Pleasant Street. The properties within
the site are occupied by Pleasant Journey Used Cars, Pro Lube, a car wash, and an office building. Reportedly, there are no longer any underground gasoline storage tanks at the site.
Automobiles are still serviced in the two-bay garage at Pleasant Journey and at Pro Lube. Sewer, water, and natural gas are available along Pleasant Street.
3.0 NATURE AND EXTENT OF CONTAMINATION
Previous Assessment Activities
In 1988, a wellpoint was installed at 492 Pleasant Street to evaluate installing an on-site water supply well. Gasoline was detected in the groundwater pumped from the wellpoint. On
October 23, 1989, the DEP was first notified of the gasoline release at 459 Pleasant Street based upon the findings in an August 30, 1989 report by the former Certified Engineering and
Testing Company of Weymouth, MA. Site number 1-0705 was assigned and it later became the Release Tracking Number for the site.
Numerous investigations and limited remedial measures were conducted at the site. On November 30, 1989, Certified submitted a Phase I Limited Site Investigation Report for the site.
On November 8, 1993, an Interim Phase I Report was prepared by Cold Spring Environmental, Inc of Belchertown, MA. In December 1996, a Phase I Completion Report and Tier Classification
for the site were submitted by Cold Spring. Previous reports had also been submitted for 492 Pleasant Street.
On December 8, 1998, a Method Three Risk Characterization for the site was prepared by O’Reilly, Talbot & Okun Associates, Inc of Springfield. It had determined that there was no significant
risk associated with the remaining contamination at the site. On March 26, 1999, a Phase II Report and a Phase III Plan were submitted to the DEP by Environmental Compliance Services
(ECS), Inc of Agawam. ECS had conducted a Phase II Comprehensive Site Assessment at the site to determine the nature and the extent of the soil and groundwater contamination in order
to evaluate risk. In 1997, they advanced 25 additional soil borings and installed five additional monitoring wells. The location of all the borings and wells are shown on the four
figures and the Remedial Action Site Plan. The names of the wells have changed over the years. During the advancement of the borings, ECS conducted headspace screening of the split-spoon
soil samples with an HNu Model 101 photoionizing detector setup with a 10.2 eV lamp and calibrated to read as benzene. The Model 101 is known to have produced false readings for wet
soil samples. The readings were recorded on their boring logs. Based upon the headspace results, the soil contamination extended from the office at Pleasant Journey to the rear of
the office building at 492 Pleasant Street. Based upon the headspace results, only one soil sample from the 18 soil borings advanced on June 25, 1997 was analyzed for aromatic volatile
organic compounds by EPA Method 8020. The single sample was collected from a depth of 12 to 13 feet from boring SB-4 located adjacent to the northeastern corner of the former dispenser
pad at 459 Pleasant Street. Two other soil samples were reportedly analyzed for “hazardous waste treatability”, but no results or laboratory reports were reported. The results for
the one soil sample analyzed listed benzene at 43.5 mg/kg, toluene at 363.5 mg/kg, ethylbenzene at 116.5 mg/kg, xylenes at 555.0 mg/kg and methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE) at 5.8 mg/kg.
We assumed that the most contaminated soil sample was analyzed. Clearly the results were above the Method One S-1/GW-3 cleanup standards, but we do not understand why only one soil
sample was analyzed or why the results were expressed by (g/kg in the laboratory report.
On April 2, 1998, ECS collected groundwater samples from 19 wells at the site. Specific samples were analyzed for volatile aromatic compounds by EPA Method 602, a method for analyzing
drinking water, volatile petroleum hydrocarbons (VPHs), and extractable petroleum hydrocarbons (EPHs) with target polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) by the new DEP method. On
July 9, 1998 two groundwater samples were collected from the Shell Station at 506 Pleasant Street along with another sample from 492 Pleasant Street. Reportedly, the samples were collected
with dedicated stainless steel bailers, which are very expensive. On July 9, 1998, additional groundwater samples were collected from the restaurant property at 491 Pleasant Street
with a geoprobe. All the previous and 1998 groundwater sampling results were listed in three large tables. The VPH results for specific wells and the GW-2 and GW-3 cleanup standards
are listed in Table Two included in the Figures section. As shown in bold, the results for a number of the wells exceeded the GW-2 and GW-3 cleanup standards. We have determined the
applicable cleanup standard based upon the location of the well and proximity of an occupied office or commercial building. Only wells MW-1, MW-5, MW-6, ECS-2 and ECS-5 were located
within 30 feet of an occupied office or commercial building and therefore the GW-2 cleanup standard was applicable. The significant contamination extended from 459 Pleasant Street to
MW-12 across Pleasant Street. ECS did not report any free-phase gasoline in any of the wells they sampled. ECS stated that no significant risk was identified at the site in 1998.
The application of oxygen-releasing compounds and an Activity and Use Limitation were recommended as a permanent solution. On June 8, 2000, free-phase gasoline was again discovered
in wells MW-9 and VM-1 at thicknesses of 0.69 and 0.14 feet, respectively. Clearly the presence of free-phase gasoline presented a significant risk.
On June 8, August 2, October 11, 2000 and April 4 and April 18, 2001, Acadian measured the depths to groundwater and determined the elevation of the groundwater at specific wells. The
results were reported in their June 22, 2001 IRA Status Report. We have plotted the groundwater contours based upon the fall, October 11, 2000 Acadian results on Figure One. As shown,
the local groundwater flow direction is to the east, toward the Mill River which flows into the Connecticut River. We have also plotted the groundwater contours based upon our spring,
April 25, 2002 results on Figure Two. As shown, our results also suggest that the local groundwater flow direction is to the east. ECS had also reported the flow to the east. The
direction of the local groundwater flow is dependent upon the stage of the Connecticut River.
Additional Assessment Activities
On March 12, 2002, Mr. Ralph Penney from Penney Engineering met with Mr. Kalish to inspect the site. A few of the wells at 459 Pleasant Street were gauged and inspected. Five inches
of free-phase gasoline was measured in a bailer from MW-9. It was apparent that remedial response measures were warranted.
On April 25, 2002, we attempted to locate all the monitoring wells at the site. We were able to inspect and gauge 19 wells. The wells were gauged for depth to water and for the presence
of free-phase gasoline with a Solinst interface probe. Free-phase gasoline was measured with the probe and confirmed with a bailer in wells MW-9 and MW-12. Distinct petroleum sheens
and/or strong petroleum odors were observed in the groundwater samples from wells MW-1, 4, 5, 6, 8, 10, 2A, 4CW, ECS-1, and ECS-5. We collected 13 groundwater samples from wells MW-1,
3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 2A, 8, 12, ECS-1 and ECS-5 in order to determine the extent of the dissolved gasoline contamination in the groundwater. A sample was also collected from well Bridal
447 as requested by Mr. Scherer. The locations of the wells are shown on Figures Three and Four. Samples could not be collected from MW-2, MW-10 and VM-1. Ten of the groundwater samples
were collected according to DEP procedures and transported to RI Analytical, Inc of Warwick, RI under chain-of-custody protocol for analysis. The samples from MW-9 and MW-12 were not
analyzed because they contained free-phase gasoline. The sample from MW-4 was not analyzed because it was located in close proximity to MW-5, 7 and 9. The 10 samples were analyzed
for VPHs by the DEP method. The results for the compounds detected are summarized and compared to the applicable GW-2 or GW-3 cleanup standards in Table Three. Table Three also lists
the cumulative total of the concentrations for benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and xylenes as total BTEX.
As shown in Table Three, our results were very similar to the 1998 ECS results presented in Table Two. As shown in bold, a number of gasoline-related contaminants were detected above
the GW-2 and GW-3 cleanup standards. The detection limits on the most contaminated samples were high because of the relatively high concentrations of dissolved gasoline-related contaminants
in the samples.
We attempted to determine the extent of the dissolved gasoline contaminants by plotting the results on Figures Three and Four. The iso-contours of the BTEX compounds are plotted on
Figure Three. The iso-contours for the C5-C8 aliphatics fraction are plotted on Figure Four. We also attempted to show the extent of the free-phase gasoline based upon our April 25,
2002 gauging and previous reports of free-phase gasoline as NAPL on both figures. The former dispenser area at 459 Pleasant Street has been reported as the most likely source of the
gasoline release. Both figures show that the dissolved gasoline contaminants in the groundwater generally coincide with the estimated extent of free-phase gasoline as it migrates to
the east with the local groundwater flow.
We did not collect any soil samples at the site. Only limited soil boring samples have been analyzed during previous assessments. Gasoline contaminants were detected in soil boring
samples collected at or above the groundwater table. No soil samples were collected from beneath Pleasant Street due to access restrictions. No test pitting has been conducted at the
site. We have assumed that the extent of significant soil contamination is limited to the area of the free-phase gasoline, as shown on Figure Three.
On April 25, 2002 we also conducted limited indoor air screening with an organic vapor meter setup with a 10.6 eV lamp and calibrated with an isobutylene standard to read “as benzene”.
We were allowed to conduct screening in the office and the garage at Pleasant Journey; the office and garage areas at Pro Lube; the car wash; the Sheriff’s Department office; the Community
Corrections office; the Community Development office and the pet store. We were not allowed to screen the 591 Food Stop restaurant. None of the buildings had basements. No significant
readings were recorded. The highest reading of 3.1 ppm was recorded in the pet store.
Extent of Free-Phase Gasoline
Our initial estimated extent of the free-phase gasoline is shown as NAPL on Figures Three and Four. Our estimate was based upon previous reports of free-phase gasoline in specific wells
and our April 25, 2002 observation of free-phase gasoline in wells MW-9 and MW-12. The presence of free-phase gasoline is associated with the height of the groundwater table. We assumed
that it extended under Pleasant Street.
3.4 Extent of Soil Contamination
We assumed that the initial extent of the gasoline contamination in the soil paralleled the extent of the free-phase gasoline shown on Figures Three and Four. Reportedly, contaminated
soil was removed in 1984 when the underground storage tanks were removed from 459 and 480 Pleasant Street. No contaminated soil has been removed from the former dispenser area at 459
Pleasant Street. As previously stated in Section 3.1, only one soil sample collected from a depth of 12 to 13 feet below the former dispenser pad at 459 Pleasant Street was analyzed
over 14 years of investigating the site. The soil sample collected from below the groundwater table contained benzene at 43.5 mg/kg. Clearly, the soil contamination had not been adequately
assessed.
3.5 Extent of Groundwater Contamination
The initial extent of the dissolved gasoline contamination in the groundwater is shown on Figures Three and Four as the 10,000 and the 2,000 iso-contours. Again, our estimated extent
was similar to what had previously been reported by other consultants.
4.0 SUMMARY OF SITE CONDITIONS THAT WARRANTED REMEDIAL ACTIONS
A Method One risk characterization presented in our Phase III/IV Plan determined that the groundwater exposure point concentrations at the site were above the applicable Method One GW-2
and GW-3 cleanup standards. Therefore, remedial actions were warranted at the site to reduce the risk of harm to human health, public welfare or the environment. Additional sampling
and investigations were required to determine if the soil contamination presented a risk.
5.0 CONSTRUCTION OF SELECTED REMEDIAL ACTION ALTERNATIVE
From April 25 until May 29, 2003, we monitored the relatively high elevation of the groundwater at the site due to a large snowmelt. Once the elevation returned to normal at the end
of May, we scheduled the installation of the treatment systems. On June 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6, 2003, we directed Grant Brothers Associates of Mansfield to excavate and install the recharge
well; Recovery Well RW-1; SVE Zones A and B; and all the associated piping at 459 Pleasant Street, as shown on the Remedial Action Site Plan. An Inspector’s Daily Record of Work Progress
was completed for each day of the installation. Copies of the records for that period were included in our first Phase V Report. We also constructed the concrete pad for the treatment
trailer; removed the existing pavement and former dispenser pad; placed the trailer and the regenerative carbon vessel on the pad; and supplied seven truckloads of crushed stone and
clean gravel. The driver of the concrete truck from Bill Willard, Inc said that he had worked at the former Staab’s Service Station as a teenager. He remembered seeing used crankcase
oil routinely being drained into a pit in the ground at the former Lubritorium that was previously located at 459 Pleasant Street. Approximately 100 cubic yards of overtly contaminated
soil was stockpiled on-site. We did not encounter the former product pipes reportedly leading across Pleasant Street so we were unable to install the portions of the systems at 480
Pleasant Street. The excavation operator later reported seeing what could have been the product piping while digging near the southern curb cut on June 6th. The revised location of
the product piping is shown on the Remedial Action Site Plan.
On June 11, 12 and 13, 2003, we completed the setup of the treatment trailer and tested the equipment. The Building Inspector conducted his final inspection. We wired the dialer from
the control panel to an existing telephone line in the office. We posted our emergency numbers on the outside of the treatment trailer.
On June 5, 2003, we had collected one composite soil sample from the stockpiled soil for waste profile analysis. The 860 mg/kg of VOCs was slightly above the acceptance criteria of
500 mg/kg, as shown in Table Two. The 120°F flashpoint of the soil also slightly exceeded the acceptance criteria of greater than 140°F. On June 20, 2003, we submitted a preliminary
Bill of Lading form with three attachments to the Ted Ondrick Company, LLC of Chicopee as a request to recycle the approximately 100 cubic yards of gasoline-contaminated soil.
On June 25, 2003, a representative from Ondrick called and requested three more samples from the stockpile be analyzed because the total VOCs and the flashpoint exceeded their acceptance
criteria. Later that day we collected three additional composite soil samples from specific sections of the stockpile and had them analyzed for VOCs and flashpoint.
On July 7, 2003, the Northampton Fire Department inspected the storage drum and signed the June 3, 2003 permit to store recovered gasoline. A copy of the permit was included in our
first Phase V Report.
On July 14, 2003, we sent the additional soil results to Ondrick. The VOC results for the three samples were 677, 2.9 and 7.8 mg/kg. The average was 229 mg/kg, which was below the
acceptance criteria of 500 mg/kg. The average value was more representative of the stockpiled soil in accordance with the April 5, 1995 QA/QC memorandum from the DEP. The flashpoint
for all three samples was greater than 165ºF, which was acceptable. On July 16, 2003, Mr. Paul Mullen from Ondrick called to say that they would pass on recycling the stockpiled soil
as recommended by Mr. David Slowick at the DEP. Reportedly, Mr. Slowick questioned the validity of our additional soil sampling results. We immediately spoke with Mr. Scherer who agreed
to review all the results. Later that day we sent the following documents to Mr. Scherer:
Our June 20, 2003 letter to Mr. Paul Mullen at the Ondrick with a preliminary Bill of Lading, requesting acceptance of approximately 100 cubic yards of gasoline- contaminated soil;
The July 3, 2003 laboratory report for the three additional soil samples we collected from the stockpiled soil on June 25, 2003; and
Our July 14, 2003 letter to Mr. Mullen with two summary tables of our additional sampling results.
In the cover letter to Mr. Scherer, we explained that we excavated the gasoline-contaminated soil while installing the treatment systems at 459 Pleasant Street. The soil that we excavated
from the area of the former tanks and under the dispenser island during the second day was highly contaminated. The subsequent soil we excavated over the subsequent three days was much
less contaminated, as indicated by the June 25, 2003 results. Sample Stockpile-2 was collected from the first soil stockpiled.
Mr. Mullen was reluctant to accept the soil for recycling at his facility because of the two relatively low results for VOCs. As the LSP-of-Record for the site, it was Mr. Ralph Penney’s
opinion that the results accurately represented the soil excavated and stockpiled at the site. We asked Mr. Scherer to discuss the results with Mr. David Slowick in Emergency Response
and to advise Mr. Mullen if the soil could be accepted for recycling.
We began to evaluate other recycling facilities, but we found that all had the same 500 mg/kg total VOCs limit in their permits. After numerous discussions, Mr. Scherer offered to sample
the soil himself on or about July 22, 2003. Mr. Kalish agreed to pay for the additional analysis. On July 31, 2003, Mr. Scherer called us to say he had gotten similar results of 1,000
and 700 mg/kg VOCs. He suggested that we modify our Phase IV Plan to grade the stockpiled soil on-site, cover it with bituminous concrete and allow it to be vented by the SVE system.
For the next three weeks we attempted to schedule a local contractor to grade the stockpiled soil and a paving contractor to immediately cover it with bituminous concrete. On August
27, 2003, we sent a letter to Mr. Scherer modifying our Phase IV Plan as he suggested and informing him that the grading and paving was tentatively scheduled for September 4 and 5, 2003.
Rain eventually delayed the work until the following week.
On September 8, 2003, we called the Northampton Board of Health and the Mayor’s offices. We informed them that we would be grading the stockpiled soil on September 9th.
On September 9, 2003, we directed the grading of the stockpiled soil. The soil was graded by Grant Brothers over the approximately 6,000 SF area that had been disturbed during the installation
of the treatment systems. The grade in the lowest spots was raised approximately five inches. We raised the covers on Recovery Well RW-1 and monitoring wells MW-1, MW-5, MW-6, MW-9
and MW-10 to match the new grade plus three inches of bituminous concrete. The stockpiled soil was still very wet. We had anticipated that the wet silty soil would be unstable so we
applied 500 lbs of calcium chloride to help stabilize it and to keep the dust down. The graded soil was compacted with a dynapact. One area in front of the garage remained wet. Fortunately,
the paving could not be conducted until September 11, so the area was allowed to dry for one day. The raised wells were surveyed along with the eastern corners of the buildings, the
curb cuts from Pleasant Street, and where we had extended the piping for Recovery Well RW-2 and SVE Zone C. New concrete caps were poured around wells MW-1, MW-5, MW-6, MW-7, MW-9 and
MW-10. We also activated the SVE system and began monitoring it. The SVE system was setup to draw from Zones A and B. The site was secured with caution tape.
On September 11, 2003, the graded soil was covered with three inches of bituminous concrete by ACME Site Work, Inc of Indian Orchard. Mr. Kalish was on-site to direct the work.
5.1 As-Built Construction Report
Our September 2003 Final Inspection Report, Phase IV Completion Statement and Phase V Inspection and Monitoring Report included an As-Built Construction Report.
5.2 Final Inspection Report
Our September 2003 Final Inspection Report, Phase IV Completion Statement and Phase V Inspection and Monitoring Report included a Final Inspection Report.
5.3 Phase IV Completion Statement
Our September 2003 Final Inspection Report, Phase IV Completion Statement and Phase V Inspection and Monitoring Report included a Phase IV Completion Statement.
OPERATION, MAINTENANCE AND MONITORING OF THE TREATMENT SYSTEMS
At 10:20 AM on June 25, 2003, we started the groundwater treatment system. The groundwater began being pumped at 5.0 gpm from the large diameter Recovery Well RW-1 installed where the
former dispenser pad had been located. The groundwater was treated through a reconditioned, Model #BD-5-E8 biodiffuser that was designed and manufactured by Penney Engineering. The
biodiffuser has a built-in oil/water separator as the first stage followed by seven air stripping stages and a clearwell chamber. Approximately 92 gallons of treated groundwater is
periodically pumped from the clearwell at approximately 35 gpm into the large diameter Recharge Well installed where the former tanks were located.
At 5:30 PM, we began collecting water samples from the treatment system and three groundwater monitoring wells. The five groundwater samples were analyzed for VPHs by the DEP methods.
The system had treated approximately 2,780 gallons of groundwater before we collected the samples. A summary of the influent and the effluent results for the compounds detected are
shown in Table Four along with the removal rates and the applicable GW-3 cleanup standards. The results for the compounds detected in the three wells are summarized and compared to
the GW-2 and GW-3 cleanup standards in Table Five. The applicable cleanup standard depends upon the location of each well. The groundwater from any well located within 30 feet of an
occupied building is classified as GW-2. The groundwater from any other well is classified as GW-3. The applicable standards are listed in Table Five. A copy of the laboratory analysis
report was previously submitted to the DEP.
TABLE FOUR
Removal Rates
June 25, 2003
(Flowrate: 5.0 gpm)
Parameters
Influent
Effluent Percent Removal Cleanup Standards GW-3 VPH ((g/l) C5 – C8 aliphatics 20,000 380 98.1 4,000 C9 – C12 aliphatics 4,400 140 96.8 20,000 C9 – C10 aromatics 11,000 310 97.2 4,000 Target
VOCs ((g/l) MTBE < 250 6 UK 50,000 Benzene 11,000 120 98.9 7,000 Toluene 29,000 330 98.9 50,000 Ethylbenzene 3,000 29 99.0 4,000 Xylenes 16,100 204 98.7 50,000
Naphthalene 550 160 70.9 6,000 UK - Unknown
As shown in Table Four, the influent concentrations were relatively high, which resulted in a very high detection limit for MTBE. Due to the age of the release, MTBE was either not
in the released gasoline or has long since migrated away. As shown in bold, the C5-C8 aliphatics, the C9-C10 aromatics and benzene were above the GW-3 cleanup standards. As shown,
the removal rates were all above 96.8 percent except for naphthalene, which does not air strip very well.
TABLE FIVE
Summary of Groundwater Results
June 25, 2003
Parameters MW-5 MW-9 MW-10 Cleanup Standards GW-2 GW-3 (Applicable Standards) (GW-2) (GW-3) (GW-3) VPHs ((g/l) C5–C8 aliphatics 140 36,000 20,000 1,000 4,000
C9–C12 aliphatics <40 28,000 4,200 1,000 20,000 C9–C10 aromatics 270 92,000 18,000 5,000 4,000 Target VOCs ((g/l) MTBE <10 <1,000 <500 50,000 50,000 Benzene 18 20,000 10,000 2,000 7,000
Toluene 38 63,000 31,000 6,000 50,000 Ethylbenzene 34 4,900 3,700 30,000 4,000 Xylenes 174 31,000 21,000 6,000 50,000 Naphthalene 23 6,100 670 6,000 6,000
As shown in bold in Table Five, many of the results for wells MW-9 and MW-10 exceeded the applicable GW-3 cleanup standards. Wells MW-9 and MW-10 had previously contained free-phase
gasoline. During our June 25, 2003 sampling, no free-phase gasoline was observed in the three wells sampled. The results from wells MW-9 and MW-10 represented the highest concentrations
of dissolved gasoline contaminants in the area of the release.
Since being activated, the groundwater treatment system was operated and maintained by Penney Engineering with help from the mechanics at Pleasant Journey. The mechanics and Mr. Kalish
have been trained to safely bail any recovered gasoline from Recovery Well RW-1 on a weekly basis. Any gasoline that accumulated in RW-1 was manually removed with a newly designed,
Kalish skimmer. We have measured the explosion potential in Recovery Well several times and found it to be well below the lower explosive limit (LEL) for gasoline. On June 25, 20003,
the LEL/oxygen percentages were 8%/20.6% at the top of RW-1 and 2%/10.5% just above the groundwater. The systems were inspected almost daily. We monitored them almost every two weeks.
We routinely screened the off-gas from the biodiffuser with an OVM and recorded the results on a monitoring log. During each inspection, the operating parameters of the systems are
recorded on monitoring logs. Copies of the monitoring logs from June 13 to March 4, 2004 were previously submitted to the DEP in our first Phase V Report.
All the piping was installed underground. The site is occupied during the day by the employees of Pleasant Journey. A notice has been posted on the exterior wall of the fenced area
to alert anyone to contact Pleasant Journey or Penney Engineering if there are any problems. The biodiffuser is supplied with a high-level shutoff switch wired to an alarm and an exterior
strobe light on the trailer and a dialer to call Pleasant Journey, Mr. Kalish and Penney Engineering. The moisture separator for the SVE system is wired similarly.
On September 8, 2003, we called the Northampton Board of Health and notified them that we would be periodically monitoring the treatment system and sampling monitoring wells. They were
told that we may be wearing white suits and respirators.
During September, the groundwater treatment system and the SVE system operated continuously except for brief shutdowns for maintenance, repairs and regeneration of the vapor phase carbon.
They were inspected on September 4, 5, 8, 9, 10, 12, 17, 21, 22, 24, 25, 26, 29, and 30 as listed on the corresponding monitoring logs. It operated at 0.7 to 1.2 gpm due to summertime,
low groundwater conditions. We had determined that the groundwater depth in RW-1 should not exceed 11.25 feet in order to prevent the submersible pump from shutting down. Due to the
high amount of silt in the groundwater, the submersible pump had difficulty restarting. We had removed the filter fabric around the leaching pit used to construct Recovery Well RW-1
because it had immediately clogged with silt causing the leaching pit to float on the groundwater. On September 9, 2003, we activated the SVE system before all the free-phase gasoline
was removed in order to begin venting the contaminated soil that had been graded at the site. We continued to monitor the off-gases from the biodiffuser and began monitoring the contaminated
air from the SVE system. That continued until the inlet concentrations stabilized and the breakthrough period for the vapor phase carbon was established. The nearest residence was
measured to be located approximately 190 feet to the north of the discharge stack. The air from the biodiffuser was initially 49.7 and 56.2 ppm, but quickly dropped and remained below
2.0 ppm. The influent from the SVE system, screened at sampling port AS-2, was initially 121.0 ppm. On September 17, 2003, an additional gallon of gasoline was recovered from RW-1
by manually skimming.
On September 17, 2003, we screened the influent from the SVE system and found that it had decreased to 89.0 ppm. We screened all the air sampling ports and found that the carbon vessel
needed to be regenerated. On September 22, 2003, we conducted the first steam regeneration of the carbon vessel and recovered 7.5 gallons of gasoline. We also generated 75 gallons
of contaminated condensate. The gasoline was stored in the same drum used to store the gasoline skimmed from RW-1. The condensate was stored in two, 55-gallon drums. It was allowed
to cool and pumped into the biodiffuser to be treated.
On September 22, 2003, during the regeneration of the carbon, we collected groundwater samples from the groundwater treatment system and monitoring wells MW-9 and MW-10 according to
DEP procedures. We also gauged and inspected a total of eight wells at the site. Four inches of free-phase gasoline was observed floating on the groundwater in well MW-12, located
at 480 Pleasant Street. The locations of the wells are shown on the Remedial Action Site Plan. The four groundwater samples were transported to Groundwater Analytical under chain-of-custody
protocol and analyzed for VPHs by the DEP method. A summary of the influent and the effluent results are shown in Table Six along with the removal rates and the applicable GW-3 cleanup
standards. The results for the compounds detected in the two wells are summarized and compared to the applicable GW-3 cleanup standards in Table Seven. A copy of the laboratory analysis
report was previously submitted to the DEP.
TABLE SIX
REMOVAL RATES
September 22, 2003
(Flowrate: 1.0 gpm)
Parameters
Influent
Effluent Percent Removal Cleanup Standards GW-3 VPH ((g/l) C5 – C8 aliphatics 5,300 41 99.2 4,000 C9 – C12 aliphatics 5,400 <20 99.8 20,000 C9 – C10 aromatics 7,200 34 99.5 4,000 Target
VOCs ((g/l) MTBE < 250 <5 UK 50,000 Benzene 2,300 <1 99.9 7,000 Toluene 7,500 <5 99.9 50,000 Ethylbenzene 1,200 <5 99.7 4,000 Xylenes 6,700 <5 99.9 50,000 Naphthalene 450 <5 99.4 6,000 UK
– Unknown
As shown in Table Six, the influent concentrations had been reduced by approximately 50% from the June 25, 2003 results. Only the C5-C8 aliphatics and the C9-C10 aromatics were above
the applicable GW-3 cleanup standards. Benzene had been reduced below its cleanup standard. The removal rates were all above 99.2 percent, even for naphthalene which is difficult to
air strip. As of September 30, 2003, a total of 204,300 gallons of contaminated groundwater had been treated.
TABLE SEVEN
Summary of Groundwater Results
September 22, 2003
Parameters MW-9 MW-10 Cleanup Standards
GW-3 VPHs ((g/l) C5–C8 aliphatics 25,000 18,000 4,000 C9–C12 aliphatics 16,000 16,000 20,000 C9–C10 aromatics 17,000 18,000 4,000 Target VOCs ((g/l) MTBE <
1,250 < 1,250 50,000 Benzene 21,000 10,000 7,000 Toluene 48,000 27,000 50,000 Ethylbenzene 3,600 3,100 4,000 Xylenes 20,300 14,300 50,000 Naphthalene 1,300 <1,250 6,000
As shown in Table Seven, the results for wells MW-9 and MW-10 were again extremely high, but lower than the June 25, 2003 results. Wells MW-9 and MW-10 had previously contained free-phase
gasoline. The free-phase gasoline observed in well MW-12 during the gauging confirmed that the groundwater treatment system and SVE system needed to be extended across Pleasant Street.
On September 29, 2003, the SVE system was temporarily shutdown because the carbon vessel had broken through. On October 1, 2003, the carbon was again regenerated and 14.75 gallons of
gasoline was recovered. The SVE system was restarted after the regen.
The systems continued to operate continuously during the month of October except for brief shutdowns for maintenance, repairs and regeneration of the vapor phase carbon. They were inspected
on October 1, 2, 5, 6, 7, 14, 15, 16, 17, 20, 24, 30 and 31. The groundwater flowrate averaged 1.4 gpm. As of October 31, 2003, 265,220 gallons of groundwater had been treated. No
additional gasoline accumulated in RW-1, probably because it was being vented by the SVE system. The influent screening results from the SVE system decreased to 85.5. It had been screened
on October 7, 14, 20, 24, and 30, as listed on the monitoring logs. The carbon was regenerated on October 7, 14, 20, 24, and 30. The volumes of gasoline recovered were 18.3, 17.0 and
15.5, 16.5, and 13.5 gallons, respectively.
In October 2003, the SVE system operated continuously except for brief shutdowns for the regeneration of the vapor phase carbon. During the regenerations, only the SVE system was shutdown.
The biodiffuser was allowed to operate continuously during the regenerations so that the submersible pump did not need to be shutdown and restarted. The off-gas from the biodiffuser
was diverted from the carbon vessel and discharged directly into the atmosphere during the regeneration because the screening results were less that 2.0 ppm. On October 14, 2003, we
discovered that we were recording the air screening results incorrectly since activating the SVE system on September 9, 2003. There were actually eight sampling ports, but only seven
listed on our monitoring log. The ports were being screened from downstream to upstream to prevent the OVM from having to be purged. Port AS-1, from the biodiffuser, was not being
screened. The screening results for port AS-2, from the SVE system, were recorded for AS-1 on September 17 and 29, 2003. We have changed the names of the ports on the associated monitoring
logs to correct the problem on those two days.
In November 2003, the systems continued to operate continuously except for brief shutdowns for maintenance, repairs and regeneration of the vapor phase carbon. The systems were inspected
on November 3, 4, 6, 7, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 24, 25, and 29. The groundwater flowrate ranged from 1.4 to 2.0 gpm. As of November 25, a total of 315,138 gallons
of groundwater had been treated. No additional gasoline accumulated in RW-1. To date, only 11.25 gallons of gasoline had been skimmed from RW-1. The SVE system was screened on November
5, 11, 18, and 25. We had determined that the carbon needed to be regenerated every seven days. The volumes of gasoline recovered were 11.5, 12.5, 12.25 and 12.25 gallons, respectively.
The condensate continued to be treated in the biodiffuser.
On November 7, 2003, two drums of gasoline were transported from the site by the Oil Recovery Corporation of West Springfield under a Uniform Straight Bill of Lading. The approximately
100 gallons of gasoline was eventually transported to the Vexor facility in Medina, OH to be burnt as a fuel. A copy of the Uniform Straight Bill of Lading was previously submitted
to the DEP.
On November 11, 2003, we gauged nine monitoring wells at the site to measure the depth to groundwater and to determine the presence of free-phase gasoline. We also gauged Recovery Well
RW-1 and the recharge well. No free-phase gasoline was observed in any of the wells, but a sheen was observed in RW-1 and MW-10. Wells MW-1 RW-1 MW-10, MW-9 MW-12, ECS-5 and MW-2A
had a gasoline odor. The depth to groundwater measurements were used to determine the elevation of the groundwater table at each well. We wanted to determine the zone of influence
for the recovery well. We used Surfer software to plot the resulting groundwater contours on the Groundwater Contour Plan included in the Figures section. As shown, the contours did
not accurately show textbook conditions due to the limitations of the software or the groundwater elevation data. The contours showed that the influence of the groundwater treatment
system was limited to the 459 Pleasant Street and the adjacent section under Pleasant Street. Recovery Well RW-1 was not affecting the groundwater at 480 Pleasant Street. A second
recovery well located at 480 Pleasant Street, as proposed, was confirmed to be needed to remediate the entire site.
On November 25, 2003, we collected air samples from ports AS-2 and AS-8 for qualitative analysis. We wanted to identify the compounds in the combined air flows from the biodiffuser
and SVE system. We sampled AS-8 to identify the compounds that were first breaking through the vapor phase carbon. Both ports were also screened for total volatile organic compounds
with an OVM. The air from AS-2 had a reading of 36.5 ppm and AS-8 had a reading of 16.2 ppm. A copy of the laboratory analysis report was previously submitted to the DEP. The detection
limits were relatively high at 0.5 ppm, which was equal to the detection limit of the OVM. Only toluene and xylenes were detected at 2.7 and 1.0 ppm, respectively, in AS-2. The results
were much less than the 36.5 ppm detected by the OVM. Only 2.2 ppm of benzene and 7.5 ppm of toluene were detected in AS-8. The results did not correlate very well with the OVM readings.
Although the laboratory results were inconclusive, they did indicate that the air contained benzene, toluene, and xylenes, which are common indicator compounds for gasoline.
In December 2003, the treatment systems continued to operate continuously except for brief shutdowns for maintenance, repairs and regeneration of the vapor phase carbon. They were inspected
on December 1, 2, 4, 10, 12, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 22, 23, 24, 26, 27, 29, 30 and 31. The groundwater flowrate was gradually increased to 4.1 gpm during December as a result of a wet
fall and a heavy snow fall in December. As of December 31, a total of 393,500 gallons of groundwater had been treated. The SVE system was screened on December 2, 10, 18, and 29. The
breakthrough period for the carbon had increased to 11 days at the end of the month. The SVE influent screening concentration had decreased from 39.7 to 10.1 ppm in December. The carbon
was regenerated on December 2, 10, 18, and 29. The volumes of gasoline recovered were 12.0, 12.0, 10.0, and 8.5 gallons, respectively.
On December 4, 2003, we cleaned the biodiffuser. Both systems were shutdown for approximately six hours. Before being shutdown, the recovery well pump was turned off and the biodiffuser
was allowed to air strip the groundwater for 30 minutes. The biodiffuser was then shutdown and the treated water was pumped to the recharge well. The aeration manifold was removed
form the biodiffuser and cleaned with muriatic acid. The 1/8” air holes in the spargers were redrilled to remove the iron precipitate. Approximately 30 gallons of silt and iron precipitate
were removed from the biodiffuser and stored in a 55-gallon drum in the treatment trailer to prevent freezing. A sample of the sediment was collected for analysis. The biodiffuser
was reassembled and both systems were restarted. The contactor for the blower on the biodiffuser was found to have been damaged beyond repair during the day after Thanksgiving when
the system shutdown because the water filter had not been changed. The biodiffuser was left off until the contactor could be replaced and the SVE system was left running. On December
10, the blower contactor was replaced during a regen and the groundwater treatment system was restarted.
On December 10, 2003, we contacted Ms. Kim Brodeur at Browning-Ferris Industries (BFI) in Chicopee. We explained the operation of the groundwater treatment systems to her and asked
if she would consider allowing us to dump the 30 gallons of sediment from cleaning the biodiffuser into the on-site BFI dumpster to be disposed of as a solid waste. We explained that
we were awaiting analysis results. Ms. Brodeur requested a letter and the results. On December 31, we received the laboratory report for the sediment. The results showed that the
sediment contained 5,940 mg/kg total VPH fractions. The sediment required disposal as a special or hazardous waste
On December 18, 2003, we collected water samples from the treatment system and monitoring wells MW-10 and MW-12 according to DEP procedures. The samples were transported to Groundwater
Analytical under chain-of-custody protocol. The four groundwater samples were analyzed for VPHs by the DEP method. A summary of the influent and the effluent results are shown in Table
Eight along with the removal rates and the applicable GW-3 cleanup standards. The results for the compounds detected in the two wells are summarized and compared to the applicable GW-3
cleanup standards in Table Nine. The groundwater from the wells was also analyzed for heterotrophic bacteria. The bacteria counts are listed and compared to our normal ranges in Table
Ten. A copy of the laboratory analysis report was previously submitted to the DEP.
TABLE EIGHT
Removal Rates
December 18, 2003
(Flowrate: 3.0 gpm)
Parameters
Influent
Effluent Percent Removal Cleanup Standards
GW-3 VPH ((g/l) C5 – C8 aliphatics 3,500 37 98.9 4,000 C9 – C12 aliphatics 3,100 20 99.3 20,000 C9 – C10 aromatics 4,400 30 99.3 4,000 Target VOCs ((g/l) MTBE <
125 <5 UK 50,000 Benzene 2,100 2 99.9 7,000 Toluene 5,200 6 99.8 50,000 Ethylbenzene 840 <5 99.4 4,000 Xylenes 5,000 17 99.6 50,000 Naphthalene 350 19 94.6 6,000 UK
– Unknown
As shown in Table Eight, at a flowrate of 3.0 gpm, the influent concentrations were much lower than the previous September 22, 2003 results. Only the C9-C10 aromatics fraction was just
above the applicable GW-3 cleanup standard of 4,000 ug/l. Between September 22 and December 18, 2003, a total of 149,507 gallons of groundwater was treated through the biodiffuser.
Based upon a 63% reduction of the total VPH fractions in the influent between September 22 and December 18, 2003, the groundwater treatment system had removed 8.60 lbs of gasoline-related
compounds. As shown in Table Eight, the biodiffuser continued to remove at least 98.9% of the contaminants except for naphthalene which was removed at 94.6%.
TABLE NINE
Summary of Groundwater Results
December 18, 2003
Parameters MW-10 MW-12 Cleanup Standards
GW-3 VPHs ((g/l) C5–C8 aliphatics 13,000 16,000 4,000 C9–C12 aliphatics 4,300 7,500 20,000 C9–C10 aromatics 7,000 9,200 4,000 Target VOCs ((g/l) MTBE < 250 350 50,000
Benzene 7,000 3,000 7,000 Toluene 21,000 19,000 50,000 Ethylbenzene 2,300 4,000 4,000 Xylenes 13,600 19,900 50,000 Naphthalene 490 770 6,000
As shown in Table Nine, the results for wells MW-10 and MW-12 were again high, but lower than the previous September 22, 2003 results. As shown in bold, the C5-C8 aliphatics and C9-C10
aromatics fractions were still above the applicable GW-3 cleanup standards. All the target VOCs had decreased to be below the GW-3 cleanup standards. No free-phase gasoline had been
observed in either well since the treatment system was started.
TABLE TEN
Remedial Additive Monitoring
December 18, 2003
Parameter MW-10 MW-12 Normal Range Bacteria Counts 10,000 35,000 0-100
As shown in Table Ten, the bacteria counts in both wells were high indicating enhanced biological remediation.
In January 2004, the systems continued to operate continuously except for brief, shutdowns for maintenance, repairs and regeneration of the vapor phase carbon. They were inspected on
January 2, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 26, 28, 29, 30. The groundwater flowrate had to be decreased from 4.2 to 3.0 gpm during January to prevent the
recovery well pump from shutting down due to low water, although we found that the silt had finally been removed from Recovery Well RW-1. The pump would restart without having to hit
the riser pipe. As of January 29, a total of 533,507 gallons of groundwater had been treated. The SVE system had been screened on January 12 and 29. The breakthrough period for the
carbon had increased to 14 days. The SVE influent screening concentration had slightly increased from 10.1 to 12.8 during the month. The carbon was regenerated on January 12 and 29.
The volumes of gasoline recovered were 5.5 and 10.5 gallons, respectively.
In February 2004, the treatment systems continued to operate continuously except for brief shutdowns for repairs, maintenance and regeneration of the vapor phase carbon. They were inspected
on February 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 9, 10, 12, 13, 16, 17, 18, 19, 24, 25, 26, and 27. The groundwater flowrate was gradually decreased from 3.0 to 1.2 gpm during February due to low groundwater
conditions as a result of the winter. As of February 27, a total of 621,200 gallons of groundwater had been treated. The SVE system was screened on February 12 and 26, prior to the
carbon being regenerated. The breakthrough period for the carbon had remained at 14 days during the month. The SVE influent screening concentration had again increased from 17.8 to
22.9. Apparently, the low groundwater table exposed additional gasoline-contaminated soil for the SVE to vent. The carbon was regenerated on February 12 and 26. The volumes of gasoline
recovered were 7.5 and 9.0, respectively.
On February 27, 2004, three additional drums of recovered gasoline were transported from the site by the Oil Recovery Corporation under a Uniform Straight Bill of Lading. The approximately
150 gallons of gasoline was transported to the Vexor facility in Medina, OH to be burnt as a fuel. A copy of the Uniform Straight Bill of Lading was previously submitted to the DEP.
In March 2004, the treatment systems continued to operate continuously except for brief shutdowns for repairs, maintenance and regeneration of the vapor phase carbon. They were inspected
on March 4, 9, 10, 11, 15, 17, 18, 19, 23, 24, 25, 30 and 31, as shown on the corresponding monitoring logs. The average groundwater flowrate was approximately 1.6 gpm during March
due to low groundwater conditions as a result of the winter. As of March 31, 2004, a total of 698,830 gallons of groundwater had been treated. The SVE system was screened on March
11 and 25, prior to the carbon being regenerated. The breakthrough period for the carbon had remained at 14 days during the month. The SVE influent screening concentration had again
increased to 26.4 and 32.1 ppm. Apparently, the low groundwater table exposed additional gasoline-contaminated soil for the SVE to vent. The volumes of gasoline recovered were 13.0
and 14.0, respectively. On March 18, 2004, we again cleaned the biodiffuser. There was very little sediment, but we needed to drill out the holes in the diffusers to remove the iron
precipitate.
On March 18, 2004, we collected influent and effluent samples from the treatment system along with groundwater from monitoring wells MW-8, MW-10, MW-12 and ECS-5 according to DEP procedures.
The samples were transported to Groundwater Analytical under chain-of-custody protocol. The six groundwater samples were analyzed for VPHs by the DEP method. A summary of the influent
and the effluent results are shown in Table Eleven along with the removal rates and the applicable GW-3 cleanup standards because Recovery Well RW-1 is located more than 30 feet from
an occupied building. The Recharge Well in located within 30 feet of the occupied garage so the GW-2 cleanup standards apply. However, the concentrations of contaminants in the effluent
are relatively low, well below the GW-2 cleanup standards. Therefore, the influent and effluent results are only compared to the GW-3 cleanup standards in Table Eleven. The results
for the compounds detected in the four wells are summarized and compared to the applicable GW-2 or GW-3 cleanup standards in Table Twelve. The influent was also analyzed for total phosphorous,
alkalinity, heterotrophic bacteria, nitrates, nitrites, and total organic carbon. We wanted to evaluate the biochemical conditions in the groundwater being pumped from the Recovery
Well. The results, the measurements and our normal ranges are listed in Table Thirteen. We also measured the dissolved oxygen, pH and temperature in nine of the wells at the site.
Free-phase gasoline was only observed in well MW-1 at one-sixteenth of an inch. The measurements and our normal ranges are listed in Table Fourteen, included in the Figures section.
A copy of the laboratory analysis report was previously submitted to the DEP.
TABLE ELEVEN
Removal Rates
March 18, 2004
(Flowrate: 2.1 gpm)
Parameters
Influent
Effluent Percent Removal Cleanup Standards
GW-3 VPH ((g/l) C5 – C8 aliphatics 4,400 21 99.5 4,000 C9 – C12 aliphatics 2,400 < 20 99.6 20,000 C9 – C10 aromatics 3,000 51 98.3 4,000 Target VOCs ((g/l) MTBE 75 <
5 96.7 50,000 Benzene 1,800 4 99.8 7,000 Toluene 3,700 6 99.9 50,000 Ethylbenzene 660 < 5 99.6 4,000 Xylenes 3,240 12 99.6 50,000 Naphthalene 170 14 91.8 6,000
As shown in bold in Table Eleven, only the C5-C8 aliphatics fractions was above the applicable GW-3 cleanup standard of 4,000 ug/l. Between December 18, 2003 and March 18, 2004, a total
of 325,627 gallons of groundwater was treated through the biodiffuser. At a flowrate of 2.1 gpm, the biodiffuser continued to remove at least 98.3% of the contaminants except for naphthalene
which was removed at 91.8%.
TABLE TWELVE
Summary of Groundwater Results
March 18, 2004
Parameters MW-8 MW-10 MW-12 ECS-5 Cleanup Standards GW-2 GW-3 (Applicable Standard) (GW-3) (GW-3) (GW-3) (GW-2) VPHs ((g/l) C5–C8 aliphatics 67 27,000 17,000 4,800 1,000 4,000
C9–C12 aliphatics < 20 6,400 8,100 3,600 1,000 20,000 C9–C10 aromatics < 20 9,100 9,300 4,600 5,000 4,000 Target VOCs ((g/l) MTBE < 5 580 < 250 < 125 50,000 50,000
Benzene < 1 12,000 3,400 1,300 2,000 7,000 Toluene < 5 38,000 21,000 940 6,000 50,000 Ethylbenzene < 5 4,100 4,100 1,300 30,000 4,000 Xylenes < 5 20,800 20,400 4,860 6,000 50,000
Naphthalene < 5 640 620 270 6,000 6,000
As shown in Table Twelve, the results from wells MW-10 and MW-12 were again high. As shown in bold, the C5-C8 aliphatics and C9-C10 aromatics fractions were still above the applicable
GW-3 cleanup standards. Free-phase gasoline was no longer observed in either well since the treatment system was started. No significant contamination was detected in MW-8 indicating
that it was located beyond the extent of the contamination at 480 Pleasant Street. Conversely, significant contamination was detected in ECS-5, which is located adjacent to the building
at 492 Pleasant Street.
TABLE THIRTEEN
Biochemical Evaluation Results and Measurements
March 18, 2004
Parameters Influent Normal Ranges Total Nitrogen (mg/l) < 0.5 0 – 0.1 Bacteria Counts (cfu/ml) 15,000 0 – 100 Total Organic Carbon, Liquid (mg/l) 7.4 0 – 10 Total Phosphorous
(mg/l) < 0.5 0 – 10 Total Alkalinity (mg/l as CaCO3) 63 0 – 100
As shown in Table Thirteen, the bacteria counts in the influent were high indicating enhanced biological remediation. Nitrogen and phosphorous were not detected indicating that they
needed to be added to enhance the bioremediation.
As shown in Table Fourteen, the temperature, dissolved oxygen and pH were all within our normal ranges.
The treatment systems continued to operate continuously in April 2004, except for brief shutdowns for repairs, maintenance and regeneration of the vapor phase carbon. They were inspected
on April 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 19, 20, 22, 26, 27 and 29, as shown on the corresponding monitoring logs. The groundwater flowrate averaged 3.2 gpm during April. As
of April 29, 2004, a total of 828,210 gallons of groundwater had been treated. The SVE system was screened on April 6 and 19, prior to the carbon being regenerated. The breakthrough
period for the carbon had remained at 14 days during the month. The SVE influent screening concentration was 22.3 and 16.7 ppm, respectively. The volumes of gasoline recovered were
12.0 and 10.0 gallons, respectively.
In May 2004, the treatment systems continued to operate continuously except for brief shutdowns for repairs, maintenance and regeneration of the vapor phase carbon. They were inspected
on May 1, 3, 5, 7, 10, 13, 15, 17, 18, 20, 22, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28 and 31, as shown on the corresponding monitoring logs. The groundwater flowrate averaged 3.2 gpm during May. As of
May 31, 2004, a total of 977,288 gallons of groundwater had been treated. The SVE system was screened on May 3, 13 and 24, prior to the carbon being regenerated. The breakthrough period
for the carbon decreased to 11 days during the month. The SVE influent screening concentration had again increased to 14.3, 15.1 and 25.1. Apparently, the low groundwater table exposed
additional gasoline-contaminated soil for the SVE to vent. The volumes of gasoline recovered were 14.0, 10.0 and 11.0 gallons, respectively. On May 13, 2004, we began injecting microbe
nutrients to the clearwell of the biodiffuser to enhance bioremediation, as listed on the monitoring logs.
In June 2004, the treatment systems continued to operate continuously in June 2004, except for brief shutdowns for repairs, maintenance and regeneration of the vapor phase carbon. They
were inspected on June 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 11, 12, 14, 15,16, 18, 19, 22, 26, 28 and 29, as shown on the corresponding monitoring logs. The groundwater flowrate averaged 2.2
gpm during June. As of June 29, 2004, a total of 1,064,190 gallons of groundwater had been treated. The SVE system was screened on June 4, 16 and 29, prior to the carbon being regenerated.
The SVE influent screening concentration had again fluctuated to 25.7, 17.5 and 26.1 ppm. The volumes of gasoline recovered were 11.0, 12.0 and 13.0 gallons, respectively.
On June 16, 2004, we collected influent and effluent samples from the treatment system along with groundwater from monitoring wells MW-9, MW-10, MW-12 and ECS-5 according to DEP procedures.
The samples were transported to Groundwater Analytical under chain-of-custody protocol. The six groundwater samples were analyzed for VPHs by the DEP method. A summary of the influent
and the effluent results are shown in Table Fifteen along with the removal rates and the applicable GW-3 cleanup standards. The results for the compounds detected in the four wells
are summarized and compared to the applicable GW-2 or GW-3 cleanup standards in Table Sixteen. The influent and wells MW-10 and MW-12 were also analyzed for nitrates, nitrites and heterotrophic
bacteria. We wanted to again evaluate the biochemical conditions in the groundwater being pumped from the Recovery Well. We also measured the dissolved oxygen, pH and temperature in
all the samples. Only a gasoline sheen and odor were observed in wells MW-9, MW-10 and MW-12. The measurements and our normal ranges are listed in Table Seventeen, included in the
Figures section. A copy of the laboratory analysis report was previously submitted to the DEP.
TABLE FIFTEEN
Removal Rates
June 16, 2004
(Flowrate: 2.4 gpm)
Parameters
Influent
Effluent Percent Removal Cleanup Standards
GW-3 VPH ((g/l) C5 – C8 aliphatics 5,300 21 99.6 4,000 C9 – C12 aliphatics 2,400 < 20 99.6 20,000 C9 – C10 aromatics 4,600 25 99.5 4,000 Target VOCs ((g/l) MTBE <
125 < 5 UK 50,000 Benzene 2,600 1 99.9 7,000 Toluene 4,900 < 5 99.9 50,000 Ethylbenzene 860 < 5 99.7 4,000 Xylenes 4,000 < 5 99.9 50,000 Naphthalene 220 < 5 98.8 6,000 UK
– Unknown
As shown in bold in Table Fifteen, only the C5 – C8 aliphatics and the C9 – C10 aromatics fractions in the influent were detected above the GW-3 cleanup standards. At a flowrate of
2.4 gpm, the biodiffuser continued to remove at least 99.5% of the contaminants except for naphthalene which was removed at 98.8%.
TABLE SIXTEEN
Summary of Groundwater Results
June 16, 2004
Parameters MW-9 MW-10 MW-12 ECS-5 Cleanup Standards GW-2 GW-3 (Applicable Standard) (GW-3) (GW-3) (GW-3) (GW-2) VPHs ((g/l) C5–C8 aliphatics 21,000 26,000 14,000 5,800 1,000 4,000
C9–C12 aliphatics 6,700 9,200 6,700 3,400 1,000 20,000 C9–C10 aromatics 16,000 13,000 11,000 5,700 5,000 4,000 Target VOCs ((g/l) MTBE < 1,000 < 1,250 < 500 < 125 50,000 50,000
Benzene 12,000 5,300 3,400 970 2,000 7,000 Toluene 28,000 42,000 16,000 650 6,000 50,000 Ethylbenzene 2,700 4,700 3,000 1,300 30,000 4,000 Xylenes 16,700 25,500 15,700 4,380 6,000 50,000
Naphthalene 1,000 < 1,250 570 270 6,000 6,000
As shown in bold in Table Sixteen, the C5-C8 aliphatics and C9-C10 aromatics fractions were above the applicable GW-2 and GW-3 cleanup standards in all four wells. Benzene was only
detected above the GW-3 cleanup standard in well MW-9. Ethylbenzene was only detected above the GW-3 cleanup standard in well MW-10.
As shown in Table Seventeen, the dissolved oxygen was high in the effluent as expected for aerated water, but it was also high in the influent indicating that the groundwater between
the Recharge Well and Recovery Well RW-1 was highly oxygenated. We expected the dissolved oxygen in wells MW-9 and MW-10 to be higher as a result. The dissolved oxygen results may
have indicated short circuiting of the recharge water or consumption of oxygen by bacteria. The bacteria counts in the influent were very low. Nitrite and nitrate were now detected
in the groundwater as a result of our injecting microbe nutrients.
On June 16, 2004, we also applied for a new permit to store the recovered gasoline. We were informed by Deputy Fire Chief Dwayne Nichols that the permits ran on a calendar year. Deputy
Chief Nichols issued a new permit dated April 15, 2004. A copy was posted at the site and a copy was submitted to the DEP.
On July 16, 2004, two drums of recovered gasoline were transported from the site by the Oil Recovery Corporation under a Uniform Straight Bill of Lading. The approximately 110 gallons
of gasoline was eventually transported to the Vexor facility in Medina, OH to be burnt as fuel. A copy of the Uniform Straight Bill of Lading was previously submitted to the DEP.
In July 2004, the treatment systems continued to operate continuously except for brief shutdowns for repairs, maintenance and regeneration of the vapor phase carbon. They were inspected
on July 1, 5, 8, 9, 12, 15, 20, 21, 23 and 28, as shown on the corresponding monitoring logs. The groundwater flowrate averaged 1.1 gpm during July. As of July 28, 2004, a total of
1,103,580 gallons of groundwater had been treated. The SVE system was screened on July 12, 21 and 28, prior to the carbon being regenerated. The SVE influent screening concentration
had again increased to 29.3, 34.3 and 38.5 ppm. Apparently, the low groundwater table exposed additional gasoline-contaminated soil for the SVE to vent. The volumes of gasoline recovered
were 13.0, 9.0 and 7.0 gallons, respectively.
In August 2004, the treatment systems continued to operate continuously, except for brief shutdowns for repairs, maintenance and regeneration of the vapor phase carbon. They were inspected
on August 2, 3, 5, 9, 16, 18, 20, 23, 25, 30 and 31, as shown on the corresponding monitoring logs. The groundwater flowrate remained at 0.6 gpm during August. As of August 31, 2004,
a total of 1,141,230 gallons of groundwater had been treated. The SVE system was screened on August 3, 9, 16, 20, 25 and 31, prior to the carbon being regenerated. The SVE influent
screening concentration had again increased to 37.1, 42.3, 43.7, 40.2, 42.8 and 37.1 ppm. The low groundwater table exposed additional gasoline-contaminated soil for the SVE to vent.
The volumes of gasoline recovered were 13.5, 13.0, 14.0, 15.0 15.75 and 14.0 gallons, respectively.
On August 31, 2004, two drums of recovered gasoline were transported from the site by the Oil Recovery Corporation under a Uniform Straight Bill of Lading. The approximately 110 gallons
of gasoline was eventually transported to the Vexor facility in Medina, OH to be burnt as fuel. A copy of the Uniform Straight Bill of Lading was previously submitted to the DEP.
In September 2004, the treatment systems continued to operate continuously, except for brief shutdowns for repairs, maintenance and regeneration of the vapor phase carbon. They were
inspected on September 2, 7, 9, 13, 15, 20, 21, 23, 25, 27, 28, 29 and 30, as shown on the corresponding monitoring logs. The groundwater flowrate remained at 0.6 gpm but increased
to 1.0 gpm at the end of the month. As of September 30, 2004, a total of 1,168,780 gallons of groundwater had been treated. The SVE system was screened on September 7, 13, 21, and
27, prior to the carbon being regenerated. The SVE influent screening concentration had again increased to 41.1, 39.4, 36.7 and 32.8 ppm. The low groundwater table exposed additional
gasoline-contaminated soil for the SVE to vent. The volumes of gasoline recovered were 14.25, 14.25, 13.00 and 11.75 gallons, respectively.
On September 15, 2004, we started injecting a solution of remedial additives into the clearwell on the biodiffuser. The solution was made by filling a 55-gallon drum with treated groundwater
from the biodiffuser. Twenty pounds of granular, 20-20-20, microbe nutrients was dissolved in the water. A dosing pump was mounted on the drum in the treatment trailer to continuously
inject the 55 gallons of remedial additives solution over an eight-day period. On September 27, 2004, a second drum of remedial additives solution was prepared as described above except
¼ lb of powdered Munox 10x Multiplier, a mixture of 35 varieties of petroleum metabolizing bacteria, was also dissolved in the water.
On September 21, 2004, we collected samples of the influent and effluent from the treatment system along with groundwater from monitoring wells MW-9, MW-10, MW-12 and ECS-5 according
to DEP procedures. The samples were transported to Groundwater Analytical under chain-of-custody protocol. The six groundwater samples were analyzed for VPHs by the DEP method. A
summary of the influent and the effluent results are shown in Table Eighteen along with the removal rates and the applicable GW-3 cleanup standards. The results for the compounds detected
in the four wells are summarized and compared to the applicable GW-2 or GW-3 cleanup standards in Table Nineteen. The influent and wells MW-10 and MW-12 were also analyzed for nitrates
and nitrites. We wanted to again evaluate the biochemical conditions in the groundwater being pumped from the recovery well. We also inspected nine wells for gasoline and measured
the dissolved oxygen, pH and temperature in the influent, effluent, MW-9, MW-10, MW-12, and ECS-5. The influent was analyzed for heterotrophic bacteria. A gasoline sheen was observed
in wells MW-9, MW-10, MW-12 and ECS-5. Only wells MW-9, MW-10, MW-12 and ECS-5 had an odor of gasoline. There was no sheen or odor in wells MW-1, MW-2A, MW-5, MW-7 or MW-8. The measurements
and our normal ranges are listed in Table Twenty, included in the Figures section. A copy of the laboratory analysis report is included in Appendix C.
TABLE EIGHTEEN
Removal Rates
September 21, 2004
(Flowrate: 0.6 gpm)
Parameters
Influent
Effluent Percent Removal Cleanup Standards
GW-3 VPH ((g/l) C5 – C8 aliphatics 4,600 < 20 99.8 4,000 C9 – C12 aliphatics 1,400 < 20 99.2 20,000 C9 – C10 aromatics 4,600 < 20 99.8 4,000 Target VOCs ((g/l)
MTBE < 125 < 5 UK 50,000 Benzene 1,600 < 1 99.9 7,000 Toluene 3,700 < 5 99.9 50,000 Ethylbenzene 630 < 5 99.6 4,000 Xylenes 3,160 < 5 99.9 50,000 Naphthalene 210 < 5 98.8 6,000 UK
– Unknown
As shown in bold in Table Eighteen, the C5 – C8 aliphatics and the C9 – C10 aromatics fractions were slightly above the applicable GW-2 cleanup standards in the influent. Nothing was
detected in the effluent. At a flowrate of 0.6 gpm, the biodiffuser continued to remove at least 99.2% of the contaminants except for naphthalene which was removed at 98.8%.
TABLE NINETEEN
Summary of Groundwater Results
September 21, 2004
Parameters MW-9 MW-10 MW-12 ECS-5 Cleanup Standards GW-2 GW-3 (Applicable Standard) (GW-3) (GW-3) (GW-3) (GW-2) VPHs ((g/l) C5–C8 aliphatics 84,000 24,000 14,000 6,700 1,000 4,000
C9–C12 aliphatics 30,000 5,100 4,500 1,500 1,000 20,000 C9–C10 aromatics 73,000 11,000 14,000 4,700 5,000 4,000 Target VOCs ((g/l) MTBE < 1,000 < 1,000 < 250 240 50,000 50,000
Benzene 14,000 6,500 1,800 3,100 2,000 7,000 Toluene 43,000 26,000 7,600 1,700 6,000 50,000 Ethylbenzene 5,800 3,300 1,900 990 30,000 4,000 Xylenes 32,000 16,200 10,200 3,040 6,000 50,000
Naphthalene 2,500 < 1,000 460 180 6,000 6,000
As shown in bold in Table Nineteen, a majority of the VPH fractions were above the applicable GW-2 and GW-3 cleanup standards in all four wells. Ethylbenzene was the only target VOC
that was detected above the GW-3 cleanup standard in well MW-9.
As shown in Table Twenty, the dissolved oxygen was high in the effluent as expected for aerated water, but it was also high in the influent indicating that the groundwater between the
Recharge Well and Recovery Well RW-1 was highly oxygenated. Next time we shall measure the dissolve oxygen in well MW-1. We expected the dissolved oxygen in wells MW-9 and MW-10 to
be higher as a result. The results may indicate short-circuiting of the recharge water or consumption of oxygen by bacteria. The pH of the influent, the effluent, MW-9 and MW-10 were
relatively low. The bacteria counts in the influent had decreased. Nitrate and nitrite were detected in the influent, MW-9 and MW-10 as a result of our beginning to inject microbe
nutrients into the discharge water. Compared to the influent, the concentrations were twice as high in MW-9 and MW-10.
In October 2004, the treatment systems continued to operate continuously, except for brief shutdowns for repairs, maintenance and regeneration of the vapor phase carbon. They were inspected
on October 2, 4, 6, 8, 11, 12, 15, 18, 20, 28 and 31, as shown on the corresponding monitoring logs. The groundwater flowrate ranged from 0.8 to 1.0 gpm during the month. As of October
28, 2004, a total of 1,201,982 gallons of groundwater had been treated. The SVE system was screened on October 4, 12, 20, and 28, prior to the carbon being regenerated. The SVE influent
screening concentration was measured at 30.8, 43.7, 28.9, and 20.2 ppm, respectively. The low groundwater table continued to expose additional gasoline-contaminated soil for the SVE
system to vent. The volumes of gasoline recovered during each regeneration of the carbon were 13.50, 12.75, 11.00 and 10.50 gallons, respectively.
On October 4, 2004, we added ¼ lb of powdered Munox 10x Multiplier to the clearwell. A drum of remedial additive solution was prepared as previously described and setup to be injected
onto the clearwell over an eight-day period.
On October 12, 2004, we cleaned the biodiffuser during a regeneration of the carbon. Both systems were shutdown for approximately six hours. Before being shutdown, the recovery well
pump was turned off and the biodiffuser was allowed to air strip the groundwater for 30 minutes. The biodiffuser was then shutdown and the treated water was pumped to the Recharge Well.
The aeration manifold was removed from the biodiffuser and cleaned with muriatic acid. The 1/8” air holes in the spargers were redrilled to remove the iron precipitate. Approximately
30 gallons of silt and iron precipitate were removed from the biodiffuser and stored in the 55-gallon drum of sediment outside the treatment trailer. The biodiffuser was reassembled
and both systems were restarted.
On October 20 2004, a drum of remedial additive solution was prepared as previously described, but with only 15 lbs of 20-20-20 microbe nutrients and setup to be injected onto the clearwell
over an eight-day period.
On October 28 2004, a drum of remedial additive solution was prepared as previously described with 20 lbs of 20-20-20 microbe nutrients and setup to be injected into the clearwell over
an eight-day period.
In November 2004, the treatment systems continued to operate continuously, except for brief shutdowns for repairs, maintenance and regeneration of the vapor phase carbon. They were
inspected on November 9, 10, 12, 17, 19 and 23, as shown on the corresponding monitoring logs. The groundwater flowrate remained at 1.5 gpm during the month. As of November 23, 2004,
a total of 1,244,220 gallons of groundwater had been treated. The SVE system was screened on November 9 and 23, prior to the carbon being regenerated. The SVE influent screening concentration
was measured at 17.8 and 15.2 ppm, respectively. The rising groundwater table exposed less gasoline-contaminated soil for the SVE system to vent. Also, there was less gasoline remaining
in the soil. The volumes of gasoline recovered during each regeneration of the carbon were 9.00 and 9.00 gallons, respectively. As of November 23, 2004, we had recovered 595.55 gallons
of gasoline from Recovery Well RW-1 and from regenerating the vapor phase carbon. A majority of the gasoline was from the SVE system.
On November 19, 2004, three additional drums of recovered gasoline from the carbon regeneration process were transported from the site by the Oil Recovery Corporation under a Uniform
Straight Bill of Lading. The approximately 150 gallons of gasoline was eventually transported to the Vexor facility in Medina, OH to be burnt as a fuel. On November 19, 2004, one,
2/3 full, 55-gallon of sediment from cleaning the biodiffuser was also removed by Oil Recovery as oily solids under a hazardous waste manifest. The drum of sediment was removed to prevent
it from freezing over the winter. Copies of the Uniform Straight Bill of Lading and Manifest MA Q 834730 are included in Appendix A.
On November 23, 2004, we began manually applying remedial additives to monitoring wells MW- 12 and ECS-5 located at 492 Pleasant Street. A 55-gallon drum was filled with treated groundwater
from the biodiffuser. Five pounds of granular, 20-20-20 microbe nutrients and ¼ lb of powdered Munox 10x Multiplier, a mixture of 35 varieties of petroleum metabolizing bacteria, were
dissolved in the water. A small, battery-powdered pump was used to transfer approximately 27 gallons of the remedial additives solution into each well.
In December 2004, the treatment systems continued to operate continuously, except for brief shutdowns for repairs, maintenance and regeneration of the vapor phase carbon. They were
inspected on December 4, 9, 11, 22, 27 and 28, as shown on the corresponding monitoring logs. The groundwater flowrate ranged from 1.6 to 2.0 gpm during the month. As of December 28,
2004, a total of 1,331,602 gallons of groundwater had been treated. The SVE system was screened on December 9 and 28, prior to the carbon being regenerated. The SVE influent screening
concentration was measured at 10.7 and 6.5 ppm, respectively. The rising groundwater table exposed less gasoline-contaminated soil for the SVE system to vent. Also, there was less
gasoline remaining in the soil. The volumes of gasoline recovered during each regeneration of the carbon were 9.50 and 4.25 gallons, respectively. As of December 28, 2004, we had recovered
609.30 gallons of gasoline from Recovery Well RW-1 and from regenerating the vapor phase carbon. A majority of the gasoline was from the SVE system.
On December 9, 2004, we collected samples of the influent and effluent from the groundwater treatment system along with groundwater from monitoring wells MW-1, MW-9, MW-10, MW-12 and
ECS-5 according to DEP procedures. The samples were transported to Groundwater Analytical under chain-of-custody protocol. The seven groundwater samples were analyzed for VPHs by the
DEP method. A summary of the influent and the effluent results are shown in Table Twenty-One along with the removal rates and the applicable GW-3 cleanup standards. The results for
the compounds detected in the five wells are summarized and compared to the applicable GW-2 or GW-3 cleanup standards in Table Twenty-Two, included in the Figures section. The influent
and wells MW-10 and MW-12 were also analyzed for nitrates and nitrites. The influent and MW-12 were analyzed for heterotrophic bacteria. We wanted to again evaluate the biochemical
conditions in the groundwater. We also inspected the five wells for gasoline and measured the dissolved oxygen, pH and temperature in the influent, effluent, MW-1, MW-9, MW-10, MW-12,
and ECS-5. A gasoline sheen was observed in wells MW-1, MW-9, MW-10 and MW-12. Wells MW-1, MW-9, MW-10, MW-12 and ECS-5 had an odor of gasoline. The measurements and our normal ranges
are listed in Table Twenty-Three included in the Figures section. A copy of the laboratory analysis report is included in Appendix C.
TABLE TWENTY-ONE
Removal Rates
December 9, 2004
(Flowrate: 1.6 gpm)
Parameters
Influent
Effluent Percent Removal Cleanup Standards
GW-3 VPH ((g/l) C5 – C8 aliphatics 4,200 < 20 99.8 4,000 C9 – C12 aliphatics <500 < 20 UK 20,000 C9 – C10 aromatics 4,700 21 99.5 4,000 Target VOCs ((g/l) MTBE <
125 < 5 UK 50,000 Benzene 2,100 2 99.9 7,000 Toluene 4,600 6 99.9 50,000 Ethylbenzene 820 < 5 99.6 4,000 Xylenes 3,700 < 5 99.9 50,000 Naphthalene 330 < 5 99.2 6,000 UK
– Unknown
As shown in bold in Table Twenty-One, the C5–C8 aliphatics and the C9 – C10 aromatics fractions remained slightly above the applicable GW-3 cleanup standards in the influent. Only relatively
low concentrations were detected in the effluent. At a flowrate of 1.6 gpm, the biodiffuser continued to remove at least 99.2% of the contaminants.
As shown in bold in Table Twenty-Two, only the C5–C8 aliphatics and the C9–C10 aromatics fractions were above the applicable GW-2 and GW-3 cleanup standards in all five wells. No target
VOCs that was detected above the GW-2 or the GW-3 cleanup standards.
As shown in Table Twenty-Three, the dissolved oxygen was high in the effluent as expected for aerated water, but it was also high in the influent again indicating that the groundwater
between the Recharge Well and Recovery Well RW-1 was highly oxygenated. The dissolved oxygen in well MW-1 was only 1.9 mg/l, which was one of the lowest readings, indicating that the
recharged water may have developed “channels” between the Recharge Well and Recovery Well RW-1. We had determined that the recharged groundwater may be short-circuiting by flowing through
channels or the more permeable layer of medium to coarse sand beginning at a depth of 14 feet. The results may also indicate the consumption of oxygen by bacteria because the contaminants
in the well were high. The bacteria counts and nitrate/nitrite in MW-12 were very high as a result of our manual addition of remedial additives. Low concentrations of nitrate and nitrite
were detected in the influent, MW-9 and MW-10 as a result of our injecting microbe nutrients into the discharge water.
On December 9, 2004, we again manually applied remedial additives to monitoring wells MW- 12 and ECS-5 located at 492 Pleasant Street. A 55-gallon drum was filled with treated groundwater
from the biodiffuser. Five pounds of granular, 20-20-20 microbe nutrients and ¼ lb of powdered Munox 10x Multiplier were dissolved in the water. One gallon of liquid surfactant was
added to each well, and then a small, battery-powdered pump was used to transfer approximately 27 gallons of the remedial additives solution into each well.
In January 2005, the treatment systems continued to operate continuously, except for brief shutdowns for repairs, maintenance and regeneration of the vapor phase carbon. They were inspected
on January 2, 7, 13, 15, 18, 20, 21, 22, 25, 27, and 28, as shown on the corresponding monitoring logs. The groundwater flowrate ranged from 1.5 to 2.0 gpm during the month. As of
January 28, 2005, a total of 1,401,269 gallons of groundwater had been treated. The SVE system was screened only on January 27, prior to the carbon being regenerated one time during
the month. The SVE influent screening concentration was measured at 21.3 ppm, which was similar to the 17.8 ppm we measured the prior year on January 29, 2004. The cold temperatures
resulted in lower vapor pressure for the globules of gasoline trapped within the pore spaces of the soil. The volume of gasoline recovered during the regeneration of the carbon was
7.00 gallons. As of January 28, 2005, we had recovered 616.30 gallons of gasoline from Recovery Well RW-1 and from regenerating the vapor phase carbon. A majority of the gasoline was
from the SVE system.
On January 27, 2005, we manually applied remedial additives to monitoring wells MW- 12 and ECS-5 located at 492 Pleasant Street. A 55-gallon drum was filled with treated groundwater
from the biodiffuser. Approximately 2.5 pounds of granular, 20-20-20 microbe nutrients and 1/8 lb of powdered Munox 10x Multiplier were dissolved in the water. One gallon of liquid
surfactant was added to each well. Then a small, battery-powdered pump was used to transfer approximately 150 gallons of the remedial additives solution into each well. A drum of remedial
additive solution was also prepared as previously described with 15 lbs of 20-20-20 microbe nutrients and setup to be injected onto the clearwell over an eight-day period. We also added
¼ lb of powdered Munox 10x Multiplier to the clearwell.
On January 28, 2005, we cleaned the biodiffuser. Both systems were shutdown for approximately six hours. Before being shutdown, the recovery well pump was turned off and the biodiffuser
was allowed to air strip the groundwater for 30 minutes. The biodiffuser was then shutdown and the treated water was pumped to the Recharge Well. The aeration manifold was removed
form the biodiffuser and cleaned with muriatic acid. The 1/8” air holes in the spargers were redrilled to remove the iron precipitate. Approximately 30 gallons of silt and iron precipitate
were removed from the biodiffuser and stored in a 55-gallon drum in the treatment trailer to prevent freezing. The biodiffuser was reassembled and both systems were restarted.
In February 2005, the treatment systems continued to operate continuously, except for brief shutdowns for repairs, maintenance and regeneration of the vapor phase carbon. They were
inspected on February 5 and 19, as shown on the corresponding monitoring logs. The groundwater flowrate was not recorded. The SVE system was not screened in February because the carbon
did not need to be regenerated.
In March 2005, the treatment systems continued to operate continuously, except for brief shutdowns for repairs, maintenance and regeneration of the vapor phase carbon. They were inspected
on March 2, 4, 12 and 24, as shown on the corresponding monitoring logs. The groundwater flowrate ranged from 1.5 to 2.0 gpm during the month. As of March 24, 2005, a total of 1,504,165
gallons of groundwater had been treated. The SVE system was screened on March 2, 4, and 24. The SVE influent screening concentrations were measured at 15.7, 10.5 and 13.5 ppm, respectively.
The SVE influent screening concentration was measured at 39.7 ppm last year on March 17, 2004. The cold temperatures resulted in lower vapor pressure from the globules of gasoline
trapped within the pore spaces of the soil. The volume of gasoline recovered during the March 4 regeneration of the carbon was 6.50 gallons. Last year on March 11 and 25, 2004, the
regenerations of the carbon yielded 13.0 and 14.0 gallons of gasoline, respectively. The amount of gasoline recovered had decreased by approximately 52%. As of March 4, 2005, we had
recovered 622.80 gallons of gasoline from Recovery Well RW-1 and from regenerating the vapor phase carbon. Only a total 11.25 gallons of the gasoline was recovered from RW-1.
On March 2, 2005, we applied remedial additives to monitoring wells MW-12 and ECS-5 located at 492 Pleasant Street. On March 24 we began to periodically apply remedial additives to
wells MW-2A, MW-10, MW-12, and ECS-5. A 55-gallon drum was filled with treated groundwater from the biodiffuser. Approximately 2.5 pounds of granular, 20-20-20 microbe nutrients and
1/8 lb of powdered Munox 10x Multiplier were dissolved in the water. One gallon of liquid surfactant was added to each well. Then a small, battery-powdered pump was used to transfer
approximately 25 gallons of the remedial additives solution into each well. A drum of remedial additive solution was also prepared as previously described with 15 lbs of 20-20-20 microbe
nutrients and setup to be injected onto the clearwell over an eight-day period. We also added ¼ lb of powdered Munox 10x Multiplier to the clearwell.
On March 24, 2005, we collected samples of the influent and effluent from the groundwater treatment system along with groundwater from monitoring wells MW-1, MW-2A, MW-9, MW-10, MW-12
and ECS-5 according to DEP procedures. The samples were transported to Groundwater Analytical under chain-of-custody protocol. The seven groundwater samples were analyzed for VPHs
by the DEP method. A summary of the influent and the effluent results are shown in Table Twenty-Four, along with the removal rates and the applicable GW-3 cleanup standards. The results
for the compounds detected in the six wells are summarized and compared to the applicable GW-2 or GW-3 cleanup standards in Table Twenty-Five. The influent and wells MW-10, MW-12 and
ECS-5 were also analyzed for nitrates and nitrites. The influent, MW-1, MW-2A, MW-9, MW-10, MW-12 and ECS-5 were analyzed for heterotrophic bacteria. We wanted to evaluate the biological
activity in the groundwater. We also inspected nine wells for gasoline and measured the dissolved oxygen, pH and temperature in the influent, effluent, MW-1, MW-2A, MW-5, MW-7, MW-8,
MW-9, MW-10, MW-12, and ECS-5. A gasoline sheen was observed in wells MW-1, MW-9, MW-10 and MW-12. Wells MW-1, MW-2A, MW-9, MW-10, and MW-12 had an odor of gasoline. The measurements
and our normal ranges are listed in Table Twenty-Six included in the Figures section. A copy of the laboratory analysis report is included in Appendix C.
TABLE TWENTY-FOUR
Removal Rates
March 24, 2005
(Flowrate: 2.0 gpm)
Parameters
Influent
Effluent Percent Removal Cleanup Standards
GW-3 VPH ((g/l) C5 – C8 aliphatics 4,000 <20 99.9 4,000 C9 – C12 aliphatics 590 <20 98.3 20,000 C9 – C10 aromatics 4,700 <20 99.8 4,000 Target VOCs ((g/l) MTBE <125 <5 UK 50,000
Benzene 2,100 2 99.9 7,000 Toluene 4,400 6 99.9 50,000 Ethylbenzene 780 <5 99.7 4,000 Xylenes 3,700 <5 99.9 50,000 Naphthalene 210 <5 98.8 6,000 UK
– Unknown
As shown in bold in Table Twenty-Four, the C9–C10 aromatics fractions remained slightly above the applicable GW-3 cleanup standards in the influent. Only relatively low concentrations
were detected in the effluent. At a flowrate of 2.0 gpm, the biodiffuser continued to remove at least 98.3% of the contaminants.
TABLE TWENTY-FIVE
Summary of Groundwater Results
March 24, 2005
Parameters
MW-1 MW-9 MW-10 MW-12 ECS-5 Cleanup Standards GW-2 GW-3 (Applicable Standard) (GW-2) (GW-3) (GW-3) (GW-3) (GW-2) VPHs ((g/l) C5–C8 aliphatics 3,100 14,000 16,000 940,000 <2,000 1,000 4,000
C9–C12 aliphatics 2,100 <2,000 <4,000 400,000 <2,000 1,000 20,000 C9–C10 aromatics 21,000 12,000 13,000 700,000 <2,000 5,000 4,000 Target VOCs ((g/l) MTBE <50 560 <1,000 <50,000 <500 50,000 50,000
Benzene 58 5,500 5,600 <10,000 <100 2,000 7,000 Toluene 740 24,000 37,000 54,000 <500 6,000 50,000 Ethylbenzene 410 2,700 3,800 <50,000 <500 30,000 4,000 Xylenes 5,900 15,000 22,400 217,000 <500 6,000 50,000
Naphthalene 470 780 <1,000 <50,000 <500 6,000 6,000
As shown in bold in Table Twenty-Five, a majority of the VPH fractions were above the applicable GW-2 and GW-3 cleanup standards in four wells. Well ESC-5 had a high detection limit,
which was above some of the GW-2 cleanup standards. The results for MW-12, located at 492 Pleasant Street, had significantly increased due to the periodic addition of surfactant beginning
on December 9, 2004. On September 19, 2003, we last observed four-inches of free-phase gasoline in MW-12 indicating that the soil surrounding the well was saturated with gasoline.
The results for wells MW-1, MW-9 and MW-10 were similar to the previous results.
As shown in Table Twenty-Six in the figures section, the dissolved oxygen was high in the effluent as expected for aerated water, but it was also high in the influent indicating that
the groundwater between the Recharge Well and Recovery Well RW-1 was highly oxygenated. The dissolved oxygen in all the wells was relatively high, partially due to the spring thaw.
The results for the influent may indicate short-circuiting of the recharge water or consumption of oxygen by bacteria. The pH of all the wells except MW-2A was similar. Well MW-2A
is located in the former tank area at 480 Pleasant Street. The bacteria counts in MW-12 and ESC-5 were very high due to the periodic addition of remedial additives. The high counts
indicated that enhanced bioremediation was occurring. Nitrate and nitrite were detected at low concentrations in the influent and MW-10 as a result of our beginning to inject microbe
nutrients into the discharge water. Compared to the influent, the nitrate and nitrite concentrations were very high in MW-12 and ESC-5 due to the addition of remedial additives.
In April 2005, the treatment systems continued to operate continuously, except for brief shutdowns for repairs, maintenance and regeneration of the vapor phase carbon. They were inspected
on April 6, 12 and 26, as shown on the corresponding monitoring logs. On April 12 the biodiffuser and the SVE systems were shutdown because water was being drawn into the moisture separator.
On April 26 the biodiffuser was restarted. The groundwater flowrate ranged from 2.0 to 5.0 gpm during the month. As of April 6, 2005, a total of 1,528,519 gallons of groundwater had
been treated. The SVE system was only screened on April 6 during a regeneration of the carbon. The SVE influent screening concentration was measured at 5.5 ppm. The cold temperatures
resulted in lower vapor pressure from the globules of gasoline trapped within the pore spaces of the soil. The volume of gasoline recovered during the April 6 regeneration of the carbon
was 7.25 gallons. As of April 6, 2005, we had recovered 630.05 gallons of gasoline from Recovery Well RW-1 and from regenerating the vapor phase carbon. Only a total of 11.25 gallons
of the gasoline was recovered from RW-1.
On April 6, 2005, we manually applied remedial additives to monitoring wells MW-2A, MW-10, MW-12 and ECS-5. A 55-gallon drum was filled with treated groundwater from the biodiffuser.
Approximately 2.5 pounds of granular, 20-20-20 microbe nutrients and 1/8 lb of powdered Munox 10x Multiplier were dissolved in the water. One gallon of liquid surfactant was added
to each well. Then a small, battery-powdered pump was used to transfer approximately 18 gallons of the remedial additives solution into each well. A drum of remedial additive solution
was also prepared as previously described with 15 lbs of 20-20-20 microbe nutrients and setup to be injected onto the clearwell over an eight-day period. We also added ¼ lb of powdered
Munox 10x Multiplier to the clearwell.
In May 2005, the treatment systems continued to operate continuously, except for brief shutdowns for repairs, maintenance and regeneration of the vapor phase carbon. They were inspected
on May 2, 3, 5, 8, 11, 12, 16, 17, 23, and 25, as shown on the corresponding monitoring logs. On May 2 the SVE system was restarted with the dilution valve slightly open to prevent
water from the very high groundwater table from being drawn into the moisture separator. The groundwater flowrate ranged from 4.0 to 3.0 gpm during the month. As of May 23, 2005, a
total of 1,676,637 gallons of groundwater had been treated. The SVE system was only screened on May 17 during a regeneration of the carbon. The SVE influent screening concentration
was measured at 8.3 ppm. The concentration was much lower than the 25.1 ppm detected last year on May 24, 2004. The volume of gasoline recovered during the May 17 regeneration of the
carbon was 7.25 gallons. As of May 17, 2005, we had recovered 637.30 gallons of gasoline from Recovery Well RW-1 and from regenerating the vapor phase carbon. Only a total of 11.25
gallons of the gasoline was recovered from RW-1.
On May 17, 2005, we manually applied remedial additives to monitoring wells MW-2A, MW-10, MW- 12 and ECS-5. A 55-gallon drum was filled with treated groundwater from the biodiffuser.
Approximately 2.5 pounds of granular, 20-20-20 microbe nutrients and 1/8 lb of powdered Munox 10x Multiplier were dissolved in the water. One gallon of liquid surfactant was added
to each well. Then a small, battery-powdered pump was used to transfer approximately 15 gallons of the remedial additives solution into each well. A drum of remedial additive solution
was also prepared as previously described with 15 lbs of 20-20-20 microbe nutrients and setup to be injected onto the clearwell over an eight-day period. We also added ¼ lb of powdered
Munox 10x Multiplier to the clearwell.
On May 23, 2005, we cleaned the biodiffuser. Both systems were shutdown for approximately six hours. Before being shutdown, the recovery well pump was turned off and the biodiffuser
was allowed to airstrip the groundwater for 30 minutes. The biodiffuser was then shutdown and the treated water was pumped to the Recharge Well. The aeration manifold was removed form
the biodiffuser and cleaned with muriatic acid. The 1/8” air holes in the spargers were redrilled to remove the iron precipitate. Approximately 30 gallons of silt and iron precipitate
were removed from the biodiffuser and stored in a 55-gallon drum in the fenced area. The biodiffuser was reassembled and restarted. The SVE blower could not be restarted because it
kept tripping the circuit breaker.
In June 2005, the treatment systems continued to operate continuously, except for brief shutdowns for repairs, maintenance and regeneration of the vapor phase carbon. They were inspected
on June 2, 3, 7, 11, 13, and 29, as shown on the corresponding monitoring logs. The groundwater flowrate ranged from 2.25 to 1.0 gpm during the month. As of June 29, 2005, a total
of 1,748,188 gallons of groundwater had been treated. On June 13 a rebuilt SVE blower was installed and the SVE system was restarted. The dilution valve had to be left partially open
to prevent water from being drawn into SVE Zone-A. The SVE system was screened on May 13 and 29. The SVE influent screening concentrations were measured at 6.0 and 25.2 ppm, respectively.
The concentrations were about the same as detected last year. The volume of gasoline recovered during the May 29 regeneration of the carbon was 6.75 gallons. As of June 29, 2005,
we had recovered 644.05 gallons of gasoline from Recovery Well RW-1 and from regenerating the vapor phase carbon. Only a total of 11.25 gallons of the gasoline was recovered from RW-1.
On June 13, 2005, we collected samples of the influent and effluent from the groundwater treatment system along with groundwater from monitoring wells MW-1, MW-2A, MW-9, MW-10, MW-12
and ECS-5 according to DEP procedures. The eight samples were transported to Groundwater Analytical under chain-of-custody protocol. Only six of the groundwater samples were analyzed
for VPHs by the DEP method. The samples from MW-12 and ECS-5 could not be purged due to foaming caused by the surfactant that had been periodically applied to those wells. A summary
of the influent and the effluent results are shown in Table Twenty-Seven along with the removal rates and the applicable GW-3 cleanup standards. The results for the compounds detected
in the four wells are summarized and compared to the applicable GW-2 or GW-3 cleanup standards in Table Twenty-Eight. The influent and wells MW-10 and ECS-5 were also analyzed for nitrates
and nitrites. The influent, MW-2A, MW-9, MW-10, MW-12 and ECS-5 were analyzed for heterotrophic bacteria to evaluate the biological activity in the groundwater. We also inspected nine
wells for gasoline and measured the dissolved oxygen, pH and temperature in the influent, effluent, MW-1, MW-2A, MW-5, MW-7, MW-8, MW-9, MW-10, MW-12, and ECS-5. No gasoline sheen was
observed in any of the wells. Wells MW-1, MW-2A, MW-8, MW-9, and MW-10 had an odor of gasoline. The measurements and our normal ranges are listed in Table Twenty-Nine, included in
the Figures section. A copy of the laboratory analysis report is included in Appendix C.
TABLE TWENTY-SEVEN
Removal Rates
June 13, 2005
(Flowrate: 2.0 gpm)
Parameters
Influent
Effluent Percent Removal Cleanup Standards
GW-3 VPH ((g/l) C5 – C8 aliphatics 4,000 <20 99.8 4,000 C9 – C12 aliphatics 710 22 UK 20,000 C9 – C10 aromatics 3,600 <20 99.7 4,000 Target VOCs ((g/l) MTBE <125 <5 UK 50,000
Benzene 1,500 <1 99.9 7,000 Toluene 3,000 <5 99.9 50,000 Ethylbenzene 530 <5 99.5 4,000 Xylenes 2,650 <5 99.9 50,000 Naphthalene 180 <5 98.6 6,000 UK
– Unknown
As shown in bold in Table Twenty-Seven, all the VPH fractions and target VOCs were below the applicable GW-3 cleanup standards in the influent. Only relatively low concentration of
the C9 – C12 aliphatics was detected in the effluent. At a flowrate of 2.0 gpm, the biodiffuser continued to remove at least 98.6% of the contaminants.
TABLE TWENTY-EIGHT
Summary of Groundwater Results
June 13, 2005
Parameters
MW-1
MW-2A MW-9 MW-10 Cleanup Standards GW-2 GW-3 (Applicable Standard) (GW-2) (GW-2) (GW-3) (GW-3) VPHs ((g/l) C5–C8 aliphatics 260 1,700 20,000 16,000 1,000 4,000
C9–C12 aliphatics 1,300 1,100 <2,000 <5,000 1,000 20,000 C9–C10 aromatics 17,000 1,300 15,000 20,000 5,000 4,000 Target VOCs ((g/l) MTBE <50 <250 <500 <1,250 50,000 50,000
Benzene <10 730 5,200 3,100 2,000 7,000 Toluene 73 1,600 21,000 38,000 6,000 50,000 Ethylbenzene 96 270 3,100 3,500 30,000 4,000 Xylenes 3,600 1,440 16,200 24,900 6,000 50,000
Naphthalene 590 <250 720 <1,250 6,000 6,000
As shown in Table Twenty-Eight, the results for MW-1 had decreased from the previous results. That well is clearly in the area being remediated by the groundwater treatment system.
The results for the other three wells were about the same as the previous results. It was unfortunate that the samples from MW-12 and ECS-5 could not be analyzed due to the foaming
caused by the surfactant. The results for the target VOCs were all below the applicable GW-2 and GW-3 cleanup standards in all four wells.
As shown in Table Twenty-Nine in the figures section, the dissolved oxygen was high in the effluent as expected for aerated water. The dissolve oxygen in all the wells was slightly
elevated. The pH of the effluent was high, which may have been cause by the surfactant we have been periodically applying to MW-10. The bacteria counts in the wells continued to increase,
which indicated that enhanced bioremediation was occurring. The counts remained very high in MW-12 and ECS-5. Nitrate and nitrite were detected in the influent and MW-10 as a result
of our injecting microbe nutrients into the clearwell of the biodiffuser. They were also detected in ECS-5 relatively high.
On June 29, 2005, we manually applied remedial additives to monitoring wells MW-2A, MW-10, and MW- 12. We no longer applied remedial additives into well ECS-5. A 55-gallon drum was
filled with treated groundwater from the biodiffuser. Approximately 2.5 pounds of granular, 20-20-20 microbe nutrients and 1/8 lb of powdered Munox 10x Multiplier were dissolved in
the water. One gallon of liquid surfactant was added to each well. Then a small, battery-powdered pump was used to transfer approximately 18 gallons of the remedial additives solution
into each well. A drum of remedial additive solution was also prepared as previously described with 15 lbs of 20-20-20 microbe nutrients and setup to be injected onto the clearwell
over an eight-day period. We also added ¼ lb of powdered Munox 10x Multiplier to the clearwell.
In July 2005, the treatment systems continued to operate continuously, except for brief shutdowns for repairs, maintenance and regeneration of the vapor phase carbon. They were inspected
on July 10, 13, 17, 25, and 30, as shown on the corresponding monitoring logs. The groundwater flowrate ranged from 1.0 to 2.0 gpm during the month. As of July 13, 2005, a total of
1,755,894 gallons of groundwater had been treated. The dilution valve had to be left partially open to prevent water from being drawn into SVE Zone-A. The SVE system was screened on
July 13 and 30. The SVE influent screening concentrations were measured at 22.9 and 22.4 ppm, respectively. The concentrations were about half of what was detected last year. The
volume of gasoline recovered during the July 29 regeneration of the carbon was 6.75 gallons. As of July 29, 2005, we had recovered 650.80 gallons of gasoline from Recovery Well RW-1
and from regenerating the vapor phase carbon. Only a total of 11.25 gallons of the gasoline was recovered from RW-1.
On July 13, 2005, we manually applied remedial additives to monitoring wells MW-2A, MW-10, and MW- 12. A 55-gallon drum was filled with treated groundwater from the biodiffuser. Approximately
2.5 pounds of granular, 20-20-20 microbe nutrients and 1/8 lb of powdered Munox 10x Multiplier were dissolved in the water. One gallon of liquid surfactant was added to each well.
Then a small, battery-powdered pump was used to transfer approximately 18 gallons of the remedial additives solution into each well. A drum of remedial additive solution was also prepared
as previously described with 15 lbs of 20-20-20 microbe nutrients and setup to be injected onto the clearwell over an eight-day period. We also added ¼ lb of powdered Munox 10x Multiplier
to the clearwell.
In August 2005, the treatment systems continued to operate continuously, except for brief shutdowns for repairs, maintenance and regeneration of the vapor phase carbon. They were inspected
on August 3, 5, 16, 22, 25, and 30, as shown on the corresponding monitoring logs. The groundwater flowrate ranged from 2.0 to 1.0 gpm during the month. As of August 22, 2005, a total
of 1,804,911 gallons of groundwater had been treated. The dilution valve remained partially open to prevent water from being drawn into SVE Zone-A. The SVE system was screened on August
22. The SVE influent screening concentration was measured at 27.4 ppm. The concentration was much less than the 40.2 ppm that was detected last year on August 20, 2004. The volume
of gasoline recovered during the August 22 regeneration of the carbon was 12.00 gallons. As of August 29, 2005, we had recovered 673.30 gallons of gasoline from Recovery Well RW-1 and
from regenerating the vapor phase carbon. Only a total of 11.25 gallons of the gasoline was recovered from RW-1.
On August 3 and 22, 2005, we manually applied remedial additives to monitoring wells MW-2A, MW-10, and MW- 12. A 55-gallon drum was filled twice with approximately 75 gallons of treated
groundwater from the biodiffuser. Approximately 2.5 pounds of granular, 20-20-20 microbe nutrients and 1/8 lb of powdered Munox 10x Multiplier were dissolved in the water. One gallon
of liquid surfactant was added to each well. Then a small, battery-powdered pump was used to transfer approximately 25 gallons of the remedial additives solution into each well. A
drum of remedial additive solution was also prepared as previously described with 15 lbs of 20-20-20 microbe nutrients and setup to be injected onto the clearwell over an eight-day period.
We also added ¼ lb of powdered Munox 10x Multiplier to the clearwell.
In order to evaluate the effectiveness of the SVE and the groundwater treatment systems at 459 Pleasant Street, we reviewed our monitoring results. To evaluate the SVE system, we reviewed
the influent screening concentrations, the volume of gasoline recovered during each regeneration of the vapor phase carbon, the elevation of the groundwater table, and the duration between
breakthroughs of the carbon.
The initial SVE influent concentration on September 9, 2003 was 121.0 ppm. After the first month of operation it had decreased to 95.0 ppm on October 7, 2003. During the next two months
it decreased further to 60.2 ppm on November 5 and 39.7 ppm on December 2, 2003. On January 12, 2004, it had decreased to 13.1 ppm. On February 12, 2004, it had increased slightly
to 18.3 ppm. By February 26, 2004, it had risen to 22.9 ppm. The increase was attributed to the dropping of the groundwater table allowing more contaminated soil to be exposed and
vented by the SVE system. It continued to rise to 32.1 ppm on March 25, 2004 and then began to decrease as the groundwater table rose in the spring. On May 24, 2004, the SVE system
influent screening concentration began to rise with the summertime drop of the groundwater table. As a result, the quantity of gasoline we recovered during each regeneration also increased
to 11 gallons. On August 16, 2004, the influent peaked at 43.7 ppm and we recovered 14 gallons of gasoline. So after one year of operating the SVE system, the influent had decreased
from 121.0 to 43.7 ppm. As of August 31, 2004, we had recovered a total of 11.25 gallons of gasoline by manually bailing from Recovery Well RW-1 and 465.30 gallons from regenerating
the vapor phase carbon. Clearly, a majority of the recovered gasoline came from the SVE system. That was a substantial amount in one year, considering that a majority of the recovered
gasoline originated as gasoline vapors drawn from the pore spaces of the soil and because of the very low intrinsic permeability of the soil.
From September 7, 2004 until January 27, 2005, the SVE system influent decreased from 41.1 to 21.3 ppm. We also recovered an additional 139.75 gallons of gasoline during the period.
On March 4, 2005, the SVE influent concentration had decreased to 10.5 ppm and we only recovered 6.50 gallons of gasoline although the system had operated for 36 days. On April 6, 2005,
the influent further decreased to 5.5 ppm, and we recovered 7.25 gallons of gasoline after 32 days of operation. On May 17, 2005, the groundwater table was dropping, the SVE influent
rose to 41.0 ppm and 7.25 gallons of gasoline was recovered after 41 days of operation. In July and August 2005, the groundwater table continued to drop exposing the gasoline globules
trapped in the previously submerged soil. The amount of gasoline recovered increased and the duration decreased to 14, 21 and 19 days. Last year the durations were 13, 9, 7, 6, 6,
7, 4, 5 and 6 for the same two months. The amount of gasoline recovered was slightly more. The increased duration means that the volume of gasoline trapped in the pores spaces has
greatly decreased. We shall begin to plot the ratio of gasoline recovered to duration over time.
The SVE system influent concentrations, the volumes of gasoline recovered during each regeneration and the number of days between each regeneration have been plotted on Charts One, Two,
Three and Four, included in the Figures section. Charts Three and Four also show the elevation of the groundwater table in well MW-5, located east of the office building at 459 Pleasant
Street. The amount of gasoline recovered during regeneration is a direct indicator of the effectiveness of the SVE system. Chart Three also shows that the rising groundwater table
decreased the SVE system influent concentration and the volume of gasoline we recovered but increase the duration between regenerations of the carbon. That response indicates that there
were still globules of gasoline remaining in the pore spaces of the soil in the smear zone at the groundwater table. Chart Four shows that the falling groundwater table increased the
SVE system influent concentration and the volume of gasoline we recovered but decreased the duration between regenerations. In summary, the soil at 459 Pleasant Street was highly contaminated
with gasoline and the SVE system has been very effective at removing it. It may also be removing gasoline that has been drawn back to Recovery Well RW-1 from under the adjacent section
of Pleasant Street and the properties at 480 and 492 Pleasant Street.
In order to evaluate the effect of the groundwater treatment system, we monitored the presence of free-phase gasoline, developed a plan of the groundwater elevation contours in order
to determine the zone of influence of the Recovery Well RW-1, and conducted quarterly sampling of specific wells. Since April 25, 2002, we routinely observed free-phase gasoline in
wells MW-1, MW-9, MW-10, MW-12 and ECS-5. On September 19, 2003, we observed four-inches of free-phase gasoline in well MW-12. On November 11, 2003, after staring the SVE system on
September 12, 2003, we gauged nine monitoring wells at the site to measure the depth to groundwater and inspect for the presence of free-phase gasoline. We also gauged Recovery Well
RW-1 and the Recharge Well. No free-phase gasoline was observed in any of the wells, but a sheen was observed in RW-1 and MW-10. Wells MW-1, RW-1, MW-9, MW-10, MW-12, ECS-5 and MW-2A
had a gasoline odor. On June 16, 2004, we only observed a sheen in wells MW-9, 10, and 12. On September 21, 2004, we only observed a sheen in wells MW-9, 10, 12 and ECS-5. On December
9, 2004, we only observed a sheen in wells MW-1, 9, 10, 12 and ECS-5. The depth to groundwater measurements were used to determine the elevation of the groundwater table at each well.
We plotted the resulting groundwater contours on the Groundwater Contour Plan included in the Figures section. Although the data was limited, the contours showed that the influence
of the groundwater treatment system was limited to the 459 Pleasant Street, the adjacent section of Pleasant Street and potentially the western extent of the properties at 480 and 492
Pleasant Street. Recovery well RW-1 was not significantly affecting the groundwater at 480 Pleasant Street. The groundwater was being circulated between the Recharge Well and Recovery
Well RW-1. As shown on Figure Two, on April 25, 2002 the groundwater table at the site was relatively flat. The elevation only decreased from approximately 90.15 to 89.75 feet across
the site. On November 11, 2003, Recovery Well RW-1 had created a drawdown of approximately one-foot, which is expected to greatly affect the groundwater over a large area in the low
permeability soil at the site. As shown on the large Remedial Action Site Plan, the installation of Recovery Well RW-2 would allow the groundwater treatment system to circulate treated
groundwater through the contaminant plume that is shown on Figures One and Two.
In order to evaluate the effect of the groundwater treatment system, we also tabulated and plotted the quarterly monitoring results for the influent from Recovery Well RW-1. Influent
results are normally a better indicator of the overall groundwater conditions because the water is actively being drawn from a large area, as opposed to a monitoring well that is one
stagnant point. The results are summarized and compared to the applicable GW-3 cleanup standards in Table Thirty, included in the Figures section. The results for the C5-C8 aliphatics
and the C9-C10 aromatics fractions are plotted in Chart Five also included in the Figures section. The 4,000 ug/l GW-3 cleanup standard, which is common to both fractions, is also plotted.
As shown in Table Twenty-Four, the treatment system reduced the two VPH fractions by 50% between June 25 and September 22, 2003 and by 65% between September 22 and December 18, 2003.
From December 18, 2003 to June 13, 2005, the influent concentrations have remained relatively constant, which indicates that gasoline was being drawn in Recovery Well RW-1. The reductions
are more apparent in Chart Five. The influent concentrations only slightly increased with the springtime rise of the groundwater table which indicated that the soil within the zone
of influence was being remediated. No further reductions can occur until all the globules of free-phase gasoline are removed from the pore spaces of the contaminated soil by the SVE
system. The installation of Recovery Well RW-2 at 480 Pleasant Street would greatly increase the radius of the groundwater treatment system and force the aerated, nutrient rich discharge
water to move through the contaminant plume under Pleasant Street. It would also allow us to periodically alternate the flow patterns between the Recharge Well and the two recovery
wells.
In order to evaluate the groundwater treatment system, we also tabulated the quarterly monitoring results for well MW-9, which is located east of Recovery Well RW-1. The results are
shown in Table Thirty-One, included in the Figures section. As shown, the results decreased since we activated the groundwater treatment system on June 25, 2004 until September 21,
2004 when there was a dramatic increase. The results for the C5-C8 aliphatics and the C9-C10 aromatics are plotted in Chart Six, included in the Figures section. The plotted results
show the dramatic increase. The results indicate that the groundwater in the area of MW-9 was re-contaminated sometime between our June 16 and September 21, 2004 sampling. The increase
may have been caused by free-phase gasoline being drawn back to the Recovery Well RW-1 from under and across Pleasant Street during the low, summertime level of the groundwater table.
In order to evaluate the groundwater treatment system, we also tabulated the quarterly monitoring results for well MW-10, which is located in the southern curbcut along 459 Pleasant
Street, downgradient of the area between Recovery Well RW-1 and the Recharge Well. The results are shown in Table Thirty-Two, included in the Figures section. As shown, the results
have remained relatively the same since we activated the groundwater treatment system on June 25, 2003. The results for the C5-C8 aliphatics and the C9-C10 aromatics are plotted in
Chart Seven, included in the Figures section. The plotted results show a slight increase in the Spring of 2004 followed by a gradual decrease. The results indicate that the groundwater
treatment system has had very little affect on the groundwater around well MW-10. The results may also indicate that the gasoline contamination is being partially drawn back to toward
Recovery Well RW-1 from under and across Pleasant Street. The contamination being detected in MW-10 shall not decrease until gasoline is no longer being drawn to Recovery Well RW-1
from under Pleasant Street. On March 24, 2005, we began to apply remedial additives the MW-10. The dramatic increase of the subsequent, June 13, 2005 result was caused by the surfactant
dissolving the gasoline trapped in the surrounding soil.
In order to evaluate the groundwater treatment system, we also tabulated the temperature and the dissolved oxygen measurements of the groundwater from specific wells along with the influent
and the effluent from the treatment system. The measurements for March 18 and June 16, 2004 are listed in Tables Fourteen and Seventeen in the Figures section of the report. The subsequent
measurements are shown in Tables Twenty, Twenty-Three, Twenty-Six and Twenty-Nine. The dissolved oxygen (DO) results in the tables show that the treatment system is drawing in groundwater
from Recovery Well RW-1 with a very high DO concentration and discharging the aerated water to the Recharge Well at higher concentrations. A cold, mountain stream has the highest DO
content of 9.0 mg/l, so the biodiffuser is doing a great job of aerating the water to enhance aerobic bacteria to metabolize the gasoline contamination. It is a different story with
the wells. The DO content from all the monitoring wells is within our normal range of 1.0 to 3.0 mg/l. The DO results indicate that the discharged groundwater may have developed channels
and is flowing directly back to recovery well RW-1. We had determined that the recharged groundwater may be short-circuiting by flowing through channels or the more permeable layer
of medium to coarse sand beginning at a depth of 14 feet. This is one more reason to install a second Recovery Well.
Since April 25, 2002, we routinely observed free-phase gasoline in wells MW-1, MW-9, MW-10, MW-12 and ECS-5. On September 19, 2003, we observed four-inches of free-phase gasoline in
well MW-12. On June 16, 2004, we only observed a sheen in wells MW-9, 10, and 12. On September 21, 2004, we only observed a sheen in wells MW-9, 10, 12 and ECS-5. On December 9, 2004,
we only observed a sheen in wells MW-1, 9, 10, 12 and ECS-5. On March 24, 2005, we observed a sheen in MW-1, MW-7, MW-10 and MW-12. On June 13, 2005, there was no sheen in any of the
wells. The current SVE system may have removed a majority of the free-phase gasoline from both sides of Pleasant Street. A third SVE located along the 492 and 480 sides of Pleasant
Street would allow any remaining free-phase gasoline to be vented from the pore spaces of the soil. The effects of the bioremediation shall not be apparent until the free-phase gasoline
has been removed.
Everyone has assumed that the source of the gasoline release was limited to the tanks and dispensers at 459 Pleasant Street. The former tanks and piping at 480 Pleasant Street may have
been a second source. There may also have been additional tanks that supplied the former dispensers along Conz Street.
On March 18, 2004, we analyzed the influent from Recovery Well RW-1 for biochemical parameters. We found that the counts of naturally occurring heterotrophic bacteria was very high
at 15,000 cfu/ml. However, no nitrogen or phosphorous was detected. Most bacteria require nitrogen and phosphorous. On September 21, 2004, we began continuously injecting liquid fertilizer
into the discharge water, as previously described. On March 18, 2004, we began to monitor the bacteria counts in specific wells. The counts are shown in Tables Thirteen, Fourteen,
Seventeen, Twenty, Twenty-Three, Twenty-Six and Twenty-Nine. High bacteria counts generally indicate high biological activity associated with the bioremediation of contaminants. The
counts have greatly increased since we began injecting microbe nutrients into the biodiffuser and applying remedial additives to specific wells. Tables Twenty-Six and Twenty-Nine show
the most recent counts. The three wells across Pleasant Street, MW-2A, MW-12 and ECS-5, had bacteria counts over one million. The counts indicate that the remedial additives are effectively
bioremediating the petroleum contamination in the area of the wells.
The treatment system shall continue to be operated in accordance with our August 2002 Phase III/IV Remedial Action and Remedy Implementation Plan, the Phase IV Performance Standards,
described in 310 CMR 40.0872, and the Response Action Performance Standards, as defined in 310 CMR 40.0191, until the significant risk has been reduced and the conditions for a Class
A-2 Response Action Outcome have been achieved. Remedial additives, including microbe nutrients and specific bacteria, shall be injected into the biodiffuser and manually applied to
specific wells. We shall continue to conduct quarterly monitoring of the groundwater. We shall also sample the contaminated soil to insure that it has been adequately remediated.
We shall also continue to attempt to evaluate the potential worker exposure to the indoor air in Building A. A fifth Phase V Inspection and Monitoring Report shall be submitted to the
DEP before the March 15, 2006 deadline. We shall submit a fourth Tier II Extension Request or a Remedy Operations Status Submittal before the October 20, 2005 submission deadline.
We may also conduct a subsurface investigation to determine if there are any abandoned tanks at the site.
7.0 REMEDY OPERATION STATUS
We shall continue to evaluate the need to install the remainder of the treatment systems with the affected property owners. We plan to achieve Remedy Operation Status once a permanent
solution is in place. We shall submit an As-Built Plan, a Final Inspection Report and a Phase IV Completion Statement for the installation of the treatment systems across Pleasant Street.
Upon receipt of the Phase IV Completion Statement, Remedy Operation Status shall be achieved. The annual compliance fee shall be reduced and all the deadlines shall be suspended.
The operating treatment systems at 459 and 480 Pleasant Street shall be considered to be a permanent solution for the gasoline contamination. The systems shall be operated and maintained
until the contamination is adequately remediated to acceptable concentrations that no longer pose a significant risk of harm to health, safety, public welfare and the environment. Phase
V Inspection and Monitoring Reports shall continue to be prepared and submitted to the DEP every six months while the systems are operated.
8.0 PUBLIC INVOLVEMENT ACTIVITIES
There is no requirement for any public notification for the submission of this document. In accordance 310 CMR 40.1403(3)(a), which became affective on June 27, 2003, we orally notified
the Northampton Mayor’s Office and the acting Health Agent of our September 8 and 9, 2003 grading and paving at the site. We shall not provide notification of the routine maintenance
of the treatment systems or sampling of the wells at the site. Emergency telephone numbers have been posted on the outside of the treatment trailer. The Northampton Fire and Police
Departments have been provided with telephone numbers to be called for routine questions and in emergencies. We have also provided oral and written notification of our activities to
the Northampton Mayors office and the Board of Health. Copies of the letters were previously submitted to the DEP.
FIGURES
APPENDIX A
Comprehensive Response Action Transmittal Form (BWSC-108),
April 19, 2005 Letter to MHD and
may 10, 2005 Response letter from Mhd
APPENDIX B
Monitoring Logs from
FEBRUARY 5, 2005 TO AUGUST 30, 2005
APPENDIX C
Laboratory Analysis ReportS for the
Groundwater Samples Collected on
mARCH 24, 2005 AND JUNE 13, 2005
336
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